Spatial-temporal patterns of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and black carbon (BC) pollution in Accra.
Spatial-temporal patterns of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and black carbon (BC) pollution in Accra.
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ac074a
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arku RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alli AS;Clark SN;Hughes A;Nimo J;Bedford-Moses J;Baah S;Wang J;Vallarino J;Agyemang E;Barratt B;Beddows A;Kelly F;Owusu G;Baumgartner J;Brauer M;Ezzati M;Agyei-Mensah S;Arku RE
撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）正在迅速城市化，环境空气污染已成为日益增长的城市的主要环境健康问题。然而，有限的数据阻碍了有效的空气质量管理。我们在大规模测量活动中部署了强大的，低成本和低功耗的设备，并描述了加纳阿克拉细颗粒物（PM2.5）和黑碳（BC）污染的城市内变化。在2019年4月至2020年6月期间，我们在146个独特的地点测量了每周的重量（基于过滤器）和每分钟的PM2.5浓度，其中包括10个固定（201年）和136个旋转（7天）站点，涵盖了一系列土地使用和源影响。对过滤器进行质量称重，并将过滤器的吸光度（10− 5 m −1）用作BC浓度的代表。在先前的研究（2006-2007）中监测的四个固定站点的全年数据进行了比较，以评估PM2.5浓度的变化。固定站点的年平均PM2.5范围从城郊站点的26 μg m−3到商业、商业和工业（CBI）站点的43 μg m−3。CBI地区的PM2.5水平最高（平均值：37 μg m−3），其次是高密度住宅区（平均值：36 μg m−3），而城市周边地区的PM2.5水平最低（平均值：26 μg m−3）。PM2.5和BC水平在干燥多尘的哈麦丹期间（平均PM2.5：89 μg m−3）最高，而非哈麦丹季节（平均PM2.5：23 μg m−3）。所有站点的PM2.5在黎明和黄昏达到峰值，与早晨和晚上的交通繁忙相吻合。我们发现，与2006-2007年在阿克拉的测量结果相比，PM2.5年平均浓度降低了约50%（71对37 μg m−3）。阿克拉的环境PM2.5浓度可能已经稳定在低于亚洲大城市的水平。然而，其水平仍比世卫组织指南高出2至4倍。需要有效和公平的政策来降低污染程度和保护公众健康。
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rapidly urbanizing, and ambient air pollution has emerged as a major environmental health concern in growing cities. Yet, effective air quality management is hindered by limited data. We deployed robust, low-cost and low-power devices in a large-scale measurement campaign and characterized within-city variations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) pollution in Accra, Ghana. Between April 2019 and June 2020, we measured weekly gravimetric (filter-based) and minute-by-minute PM2.5 concentrations at 146 unique locations, comprising of 10 fixed (∼1 year) and 136 rotating (7 day) sites covering a range of land-use and source influences. Filters were weighed for mass, and light absorbance (10−5m−1) of the filters was used as proxy for BC concentration. Year-long data at four fixed sites that were monitored in a previous study (2006–2007) were compared to assess changes in PM2.5 concentrations. The mean annual PM2.5 across the fixed sites ranged from 26 μg m−3 at a peri-urban site to 43 μg m−3 at a commercial, business, and industrial (CBI) site. CBI areas had the highest PM2.5 levels (mean: 37 μg m−3), followed by high-density residential neighborhoods (mean: 36 μg m−3), while peri-urban areas recorded the lowest (mean: 26 μg m−3). Both PM2.5 and BC levels were highest during the dry dusty Harmattan period (mean PM2.5: 89 μg m−3) compared to non-Harmattan season (mean PM2.5: 23 μg m−3). PM2.5 at all sites peaked at dawn and dusk, coinciding with morning and evening heavy traffic. We found about a 50% reduction (71 vs 37 μg m−3) in mean annual PM2.5 concentrations when compared to measurements in 2006–2007 in Accra. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Accra may have plateaued at levels lower than those seen in large Asian megacities. However, levels are still 2- to 4-fold higher than the WHO guideline. Effective and equitable policies are needed to reduce pollution levels and protect public health.
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Egondi, Thaddaeus;Muindi, Kanyiva;Rocklov, Joacim
通讯作者：
Rocklov, Joacim
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Arku RE;Bennett JE;Castro MC;Agyeman-Duah K;Mintah SE;Ware JH;Nyarko P;Spengler JD;Agyei-Mensah S;Ezzati M
通讯作者：
Ezzati M
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500262
发表时间：
2003-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cyrys, J;Heinrich, J;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Aboh, Innocent Joy Kwame;Henriksson, Dag;Wahnstrom, Tomas
通讯作者：
Wahnstrom, Tomas
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Abiye, Olawale E.;Matthew, Olaniran J.;Latif, Moufthou B.
通讯作者：
Latif, Moufthou B.