Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes.
Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms5040070
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发表时间：
2017-11-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Shay JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank AC;Saldierna Guzmán JP;Shay JE
植物是复杂的内生细菌群落的宿主，这些细菌在地上和地下组织的内部都有定植。作为内生菌生活在植物组织内的细菌可以通过每一代从环境中水平获得，也可以通过种子垂直传播。更好地了解细菌内生菌的传播途径和模式将有利于农业和自然生态系统中植物与内生菌相互作用的研究。本文综述了细菌在植物中定殖的传播途径，包括垂直途径种子和花粉，水平途径土壤、大气和昆虫。我们讨论了充分记录的和未充分研究的传播途径，并确定了我们对细菌如何到达植物内部的知识的空白。在对内生菌知之甚少的地方，我们从植物细菌性病原体的研究中得出结论，讨论潜在的传播途径。土壤中的根定植是研究得最好的传播途径，而且可能是最重要的，尽管需要更多的研究传播到空中部分和气孔定植，以及最终证实垂直转移的研究。虽然细菌内生菌的垂直转移可能发生，但与细菌的专性和严格垂直转移的共生在植物中可能不常见。相反，植物似乎受益于对不断变化的环境作出反应的能力，通过每一代和个体的一生获得新的内生微生物组。
Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and modes will benefit studies of plant–endophyte interactions in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this review, we provide an overview of the transmission routes that bacteria can take to colonize plants, including vertically via seeds and pollen, and horizontally via soil, atmosphere, and insects. We discuss both well-documented and understudied transmission routes, and identify gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria reach the inside of plants. Where little knowledge is available on endophytes, we draw from studies on bacterial plant pathogens to discuss potential transmission routes. Colonization of roots from soil is the best studied transmission route, and probably the most important, although more studies of transmission to aerial parts and stomatal colonization are needed, as are studies that conclusively confirm vertical transfer. While vertical transfer of bacterial endophytes likely occurs, obligate and strictly vertically transferred symbioses with bacteria are probably unusual in plants. Instead, plants appear to benefit from the ability to respond to a changing environment by acquiring its endophytic microbiome anew with each generation, and over the lifetime of individuals.
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