Generative Dynamics of Supreme Court Citations: Analysis with a New Statistical Network Model

Generative Dynamics of Supreme Court Citations: Analysis with a New Statistical Network Model
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最高法院引文的生成动力学:用新的统计网络模型进行分析

DOI:
10.1017/pan.2021.20
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Desmarais, Bruce A.
Desmarais, Bruce A.
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schmid, Christian S.;Chen, Ted Hsuan;Desmarais, Bruce A.

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美国最高法院多数意见的重要性和影响力很大程度上来自于意见作为未来意见先例的作用。越来越多的文献试图通过研究最高法院的案例引用模式来了解是什么推动了意见作为先例的使用。我们提出了两个现有的工作最高法院引用的限制。首先,二元引文通常在分析之前聚合到案例级别。第二,引文被视为独立产生。我们提出了一种方法来研究最高法院意见之间的引用在二元水平,作为一个网络,克服了这些局限性。这种方法的引用指数随机图模型,我们提供了用户友好的软件,使研究人员能够考虑的情况下的特点和复杂形式的网络依赖的引文形成的影响。然后,我们分析了一个网络,其中包括1950年至2015年期间最高法院判决的所有案件。我们发现依赖过程的证据,包括互惠性,传递性和流行性。的依赖性效应是实质性的和统计上显着的外生协变量的影响,表明最高法院引用的模型应纳入案件的特点和结构的影响,过去的引用。
The significance and influence of U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions derive in large part from opinions’ roles as precedents for future opinions. A growing body of literature seeks to understand what drives the use of opinions as precedents through the study of Supreme Court case citation patterns. We raise two limitations of existing work on Supreme Court citations. First, dyadic citations are typically aggregated to the case level before they are analyzed. Second, citations are treated as if they arise independently. We present a methodology for studying citations between Supreme Court opinions at the dyadic level, as a network, that overcomes these limitations. This methodology—the citation exponential random graph model, for which we provide user-friendly software—enables researchers to account for the effects of case characteristics and complex forms of network dependence in citation formation. We then analyze a network that includes all Supreme Court cases decided between 1950 and 2015. We find evidence for dependence processes, including reciprocity, transitivity, and popularity. The dependence effects are as substantively and statistically significant as the effects of exogenous covariates, indicating that models of Supreme Court citations should incorporate both the effects of case characteristics and the structure of past citations.
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