Anodal tDCS to Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Facilitates Performance for Novice Jazz Improvisers but Hinders Experts.
Anodal tDCS to Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Facilitates Performance for Novice Jazz Improvisers but Hinders Experts.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2016.00579
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kounios J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosen DS;Erickson B;Kim YE;Mirman D;Hamilton RH;Kounios J
关于创造性认知的研究揭示了关于创造性思维本质的根本分歧，具体来说，它是否主要基于自动的，联想的（类型1）或执行的，控制的（类型2）过程。我们假设，类型-1和类型-2的过程作出不同的贡献，创造性的生产，取决于领域的专业知识。我们测试了这一假设与爵士钢琴家的专业知识是由公开演出的数量。先前关于音乐即兴创作的功能磁共振成像研究表明，领域专长的特征是右背外侧前额叶皮层（r-DLPFC）的失活，这是一个与2型执行处理相关的大脑区域。我们使用阳极，阴极，和假经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）应用于r-DLPFC与对侧乳突上的参考电极（1.5 mA，15分钟，除了假），以调节钢琴家的表演质量，而他们即兴的和弦与鼓和低音伴奏。爵士乐专家对每个即兴作品的创造力、美学吸引力和技术熟练程度进行了评分。与假手术相比，阳极或阴极刺激对评级没有主要影响;然而，阳极tDCS和专业知识之间出现了显着的相互作用，使得刺激使经验较少的音乐家受益，但阻碍了经验丰富的音乐家。我们解释这些结果作为证据的双过程模型的创造力，新手和专家的差异从事类型-1和类型-2的过程中创造性的生产。
Research on creative cognition reveals a fundamental disagreement about the nature of creative thought, specifically, whether it is primarily based on automatic, associative (Type-1) or executive, controlled (Type-2) processes. We hypothesized that Type-1 and Type-2 processes make differential contributions to creative production that depend on domain expertise. We tested this hypothesis with jazz pianists whose expertise was indexed by the number of public performances given. Previous fMRI studies of musical improvisation have reported that domain expertise is characterized by deactivation of the right-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r-DLPFC), a brain area associated with Type-2 executive processing. We used anodal, cathodal, and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over r-DLPFC with the reference electrode on the contralateral mastoid (1.5 mA for 15 min, except for sham) to modulate the quality of the pianists' performances while they improvised over chords with drum and bass accompaniment. Jazz experts rated each improvisation for creativity, esthetic appeal, and technical proficiency. There was no main effect of anodal or cathodal stimulation on ratings compared to sham; however, a significant interaction between anodal tDCS and expertise emerged such that stimulation benefitted musicians with less experience but hindered those with more experience. We interpret these results as evidence for a dual-process model of creativity in which novices and experts differentially engage Type-1 and Type-2 processes during creative production.
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