The paradox of moral focus
The paradox of moral focus
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道德焦点的悖论
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.004
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jonathan Phillips
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Young;Jonathan Phillips
当我们评估道德行为人时，我们会考虑许多因素，包括行为人是否自由行事，或在胁迫或胁迫下行事。反过来，道德评价也会影响我们对这些因素的（非道德）评价。例如，当我们判断一个行为人的行为不道德时，我们随后更有可能判断这个行为人的行为是自由的，而不是在武力下。在这里，我们调查的认知签名，这种效果在人际关系的情况下，其中一个代理（“强迫者”）迫使另一个代理（“强迫”）采取行动，无论是不道德或道德。这种关系的结构使我们能够对“施力者”和“原力”提出问题。令人费解的是，参与者认为“强迫者”强迫“强迫者”做出不道德的行为（即X强迫Y），但“强迫者”并没有被迫做出不道德的行为（即Y不是被X强迫的）。这种模式只适用于故意行动的人类代理人。直接改变参与者的焦点从一个代理人到另一个（强制者与强制者）也改变了道德评价的目标，因此也改变了强制归因。判断的完整模式可能提供了一个窗口，以动机道德推理和聚焦偏见更普遍;参与者可能已经被激励，以归因于更大的力量，以不道德的力量和更大的自由。
When we evaluate moral agents, we consider many factors, including whether the agent acted freely, or under duress or coercion. In turn, moral evaluations have been shown to influence our (non-moral) evaluations of these same factors. For example, when we judge an agent to have acted immorally, we are subsequently more likely to judge the agent to have acted freely, not under force. Here, we investigate the cognitive signatures of this effect in interpersonal situations, in which one agent (“forcer”) forces another agent (“forcee”) to act either immorally or morally. The structure of this relationship allowed us to ask questions about both the “forcer” and the “forcee.” Paradoxically, participants judged that the “forcer” forced the “forcee” to act immorally (i.e. X forced Y), but that the “forcee” was not forced to act immorally (i.e. Y was not forced by X). This pattern obtained only for human agents who acted intentionally. Directly changing participants’ focus from one agent to another (forcer versus forcee) also changed the target of moral evaluation and therefore force attributions. The full pattern of judgments may provide a window into motivated moral reasoning and focusing bias more generally; participants may have been motivated to attribute greater force to the immoral forcer and greater freedom to the immoral forcee.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
J. Haidt
通讯作者：
J. Haidt
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
HAIDT, J;KOLLER, SH;DIAS, MG
通讯作者：
DIAS, MG
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Gray, Kurt;Wegner, Daniel A.
通讯作者：
Wegner, Daniel A.