Microbial colonization and persistence in deep fractured shales is guided by metabolic exchanges and viral predation.
Microbial colonization and persistence in deep fractured shales is guided by metabolic exchanges and viral predation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-021-01194-8
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发表时间：
2022-01-16
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
Wilkins MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amundson KK;Borton MA;Daly RA;Hoyt DW;Wong A;Eder E;Moore J;Wunch K;Wrighton KC;Wilkins MJ
水力压裂后，微生物在地下页岩中的定植为研究影响工程深层地下生态系统中微生物持久性的生物和非生物耦合因素提供了机会。页岩地层位于美国大陆的下部，在温度和盐度上具有明显的地理梯度。作为对美国东部页岩含盐水流体研究的补充，我们将宏基因组学和代谢组学方法结合起来，首次在基因组水平上深入了解美国西部低盐度、高温页岩地层的生态系统定植和微生物群落相互作用。我们收集了水力压裂过程中使用的材料（即化学品、钻井泥浆），并对美国OK的STACK（加拿大Anadarko盆地和Kingfisher盆地）页岩区三口不同水力压裂井的产出水进行了时间采样。与其他页岩地层相比，我们的宏基因组学和代谢组学分析显示，在裂缝页岩中定植并持续存在的微生物的分类和代谢多样性扩大了。重要的是，所有三口水力压裂井的时间采样追踪了复杂聚合物的降解，从水力压裂过程到支持硫酸盐和硫代硫酸盐还原细菌的有机酸的生产和消耗。此外，我们鉴定了5587个病毒基因组，并将其中许多与优势定植微生物联系起来，证明了病毒捕食在这个封闭的工程系统中的群落动态中起着关键作用。最后，对不同源材料的顶部审计抽样实现了基因组解析源跟踪，揭示了这些生态系统中许多关键的殖民和持续分类群的可能来源。这些发现强调了资源利用和抵抗病毒捕食的重要性，这是使特定微生物类群能够在破碎的页岩生态系统中持续存在的关键特征。我们还证明了水力压裂过程中使用的材料的重要性，作为持续存在的页岩微生物和有机基质的来源，可能有助于维持微生物群落。此外，我们还表明，不同的物理化学条件（即盐度、温度）会影响页岩生态系统中持续存在的微生物群落的组成和功能潜力。总之，这些结果扩大了我们对深层页岩微生物生命的认识，并对水力压裂井中微生物生物量的管理和处理具有重要意义。视频摘要在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s40168-021-01194-8获得。
Microbial colonization of subsurface shales following hydraulic fracturing offers the opportunity to study coupled biotic and abiotic factors that impact microbial persistence in engineered deep subsurface ecosystems. Shale formations underly much of the continental USA and display geographically distinct gradients in temperature and salinity. Complementing studies performed in eastern USA shales that contain brine-like fluids, here we coupled metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to develop the first genome-level insights into ecosystem colonization and microbial community interactions in a lower-salinity, but high-temperature western USA shale formation. We collected materials used during the hydraulic fracturing process (i.e., chemicals, drill muds) paired with temporal sampling of water produced from three different hydraulically fractured wells in the STACK (Sooner Trend Anadarko Basin, Canadian and Kingfisher) shale play in OK, USA. Relative to other shale formations, our metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed an expanded taxonomic and metabolic diversity of microorganisms that colonize and persist in fractured shales. Importantly, temporal sampling across all three hydraulic fracturing wells traced the degradation of complex polymers from the hydraulic fracturing process to the production and consumption of organic acids that support sulfate- and thiosulfate-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, we identified 5587 viral genomes and linked many of these to the dominant, colonizing microorganisms, demonstrating the key role that viral predation plays in community dynamics within this closed, engineered system. Lastly, top-side audit sampling of different source materials enabled genome-resolved source tracking, revealing the likely sources of many key colonizing and persisting taxa in these ecosystems. These findings highlight the importance of resource utilization and resistance to viral predation as key traits that enable specific microbial taxa to persist across fractured shale ecosystems. We also demonstrate the importance of materials used in the hydraulic fracturing process as both a source of persisting shale microorganisms and organic substrates that likely aid in sustaining the microbial community. Moreover, we showed that different physicochemical conditions (i.e., salinity, temperature) can influence the composition and functional potential of persisting microbial communities in shale ecosystems. Together, these results expand our knowledge of microbial life in deep subsurface shales and have important ramifications for management and treatment of microbial biomass in hydraulically fractured wells. Video Abstract The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-021-01194-8.
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影响因子：
48
作者：
Callahan BJ;McMurdie PJ;Rosen MJ;Han AW;Johnson AJ;Holmes SP
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影响因子：
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