Miniature tomb figurines and models in pre-imperial and early imperial China: origins, development and significance

Miniature tomb figurines and models in pre-imperial and early imperial China: origins, development and significance
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中国前帝国和早期帝制时期的微型墓葬雕像和模型:起源、发展和意义

DOI:
10.1080/00438243.2014.991801
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Selbitschka
Selbitschka
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Selbitschka

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中国早期墓葬中有大量的人形、兽形俑和建筑模型。这两种微缩模型通常被认为是最终取代人祭的单一轨迹的一部分。这一切的目的都是为了创造“地下家园”,以便死者可以在来世享受他们以前生活的便利。这种理解主要是基于收到的文献和分散的考古发现。本文通过对最早的随葬雕塑实例的详细分析,试图说明俑和模型最初代表了两种不同的理论基础。后来,这些融合成了一种新的来世观,不仅象征着“地下家园”,而且象征着越来越多的地主的整个庄园。因此,早期的中国墓葬微缩模型有助于形成个性化的地下微观世界或私人“小帝国”。
Early Chinese tombs contain great quantities of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines as well as architectural models. Both kinds of miniatures are generally regarded as part of a single trajectory that ultimately substituted for human sacrifices. The purpose of it all was to create ‘underground homes’ so that the deceased could enjoy the amenities of their former lives in the hereafter. This understanding is largely based on received literature and scattered archaeological finds. Through a detailed analysis of the earliest instances of funerary sculptures, this article seeks to demonstrate that figurines and models at first represented two different rationales. Later on, these converged into a new view of the afterlife, one that symbolized not only ‘underground homes’, but entire estates of an ever increasing number of landowners. Early Chinese tomb miniatures were thus instrumental in the formation of personalized, subterranean microcosms, or private ‘little empires’.
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