Linking History to Contemporary State-Sanctioned Slow Violence through Cultural and Structural Racism.
Linking History to Contemporary State-Sanctioned Slow Violence through Cultural and Structural Racism.
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DOI：
10.1177/00027162211005690
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Esposito M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hicken MT;Miles L;Haile S;Esposito M
环境科学家在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代开始记录环境暴露（例如，靠近废物处理设施或工业污染）的种族不平等。从那时起，研究记录了几乎所有研究的环境危害的不平等现象，表明美国社会对非白人家庭施加种族暴力。通过文化种族主义，建立了一个有弹性的社会等级制度，其中某些群体的生命被认为比其他群体更有价值；然后，通过结构性种族主义，各机构不平等地向这些群体提供和分配环境效益和负担。我们认为，环境种族主义的“缓慢暴力”与历史上发生的其他形式的种族暴力有关。我们讨论文化种族主义的含义，因为它涉及生命价值不平等的人群的等级制度及其与结构性种族主义的联系。为了纠正这种环境种族暴力，我们建议对环境不平等的实证研究进行转变，这些研究隐含或明确地建立在文化和结构性种族主义的相互关联的概念之上，这些概念将历史形式的种族暴力与当代形式的种族暴力联系起来。
Environmental scientists started documenting the racial inequities of environmental exposures (e.g., proximity to waste facilities or to industrial pollution) in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, research has documented inequities in exposures to nearly every studied environmental hazard, showing that American society delivers racial violence toward non-White families. Through cultural racism, a resilient social hierarchy is set where the lives of some groups of people are considered more valuable than others; then, through structural racism, institutions unequally mete and dole environmental benefits and burdens to these groups. We argue that the “slow violence” of environmental racism is linked to other forms of racial violence that have been enacted throughout history. We discuss the meaning of cultural racism as it pertains to the hierarchy of groups of people whose lives are valued unequally and its link to structural racism. To remedy this environmental racial violence, we propose shifts in the empirical research on environmental inequities that are built upon, either implicitly or explicitly, the interconnected concepts of cultural and structural racism that link historical to contemporary forms of racial violence.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Hicken, Margaret T.;Gee, Gilbert C.;Hu, Howard
通讯作者：
Hu, Howard
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Jesdale BM;Morello-Frosch R;Cushing L
通讯作者：
Cushing L
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hicken MT;Gee GC;Connell C;Snow RC;Morenoff J;Hu H
通讯作者：
Hu H
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Hicken, Margaret T.;Dvonch, J. Timothy;Schulz, Amy J.;Mentz, Graciela;Max, Paul
通讯作者：
Max, Paul
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1721640115
发表时间：
2018-10-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Ash M;Boyce JK
通讯作者：
Boyce JK