Racial disparities in pollution exposure and employment at US industrial facilities.
Racial disparities in pollution exposure and employment at US industrial facilities.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1721640115
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发表时间：
2018-10-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Boyce JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ash M;Boyce JK
关于工业污染者监管的争论常常涉及负面污染影响和积极就业机会之间的假定权衡。这些论点在少数种族/族裔社区中尤其敏感，他们不成比例地遭受污染并缺乏获得高质量就业的机会。我们将美国环境保护署 (EPA) 的有毒物质暴露数据与平等就业机会委员会 (EEOC) 的就业数据相结合，研究工业就业的种族/民族分布与同一设施排放的空气有毒物质暴露分布的对应关系。少数群体所承受的污染风险通常超过了他们的就业份额，并且大大超过了他们从事高薪工作的份额。总的来说，我们没有发现任何证据表明为周边社区造成更高污染风险的设施可以提供更多就业机会。靠近工业设施可以产生积极的就业影响，同时也对周围社区产生负面的污染影响。尽管美国暴露于工业空气污染方面的种族差异有据可查，但很少有实证调查表明这些差异是否反映在就业福利上。我们使用来自美国环境保护署 (EPA) 有毒物质排放清单 (TRI) 和美国平等就业机会委员会 EEO-1 数据库的设施级数据来评估工业就业的种族和民族分布与同一设施排放的空气有毒物质暴露分布的对应程度。少数群体所承受的污染风险所占的份额通常超过了他们的就业份额，并且大大超过了他们所从事的高薪工作的份额。我们没有发现任何证据表明为周边社区造成更高污染风险的设施总体上可以提供更多就业机会。
Debate about regulation of industrial polluters often concerns a presumed trade-off between negative pollution impacts and positive employment opportunities. These arguments are especially sensitive among communities of racial/ethnic minorities, who disproportionately suffer exposure to pollution and lack access to high-quality employment. We combine US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data on toxics exposure with Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) data on employment to examine how the racial/ethnic distribution of industrial employment corresponds to the distribution of exposure to air toxics emitted by the same facilities. The share of pollution risk accruing to minority groups generally exceeds their share of employment and greatly exceeds their share of higher paying jobs. In aggregate, we find no evidence that facilities that create higher pollution risk for surrounding communities provide more jobs. Proximity to industrial facilities can have positive employment effects as well as negative pollution exposure impacts on surrounding communities. Although racial disparities in exposure to industrial air pollution in the United States are well documented, there has been little empirical investigation of whether these disparities are mirrored by employment benefits. We use facility-level data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEO-1 database to assess the extent to which the racial and ethnic distribution of industrial employment corresponds to the distribution of exposure to air toxics emitted by the same facilities. The share of pollution risk accruing to minority groups generally exceeds their share of employment and exceeds their share of higher paying jobs by a wide margin. We find no evidence that facilities that create higher pollution risk for surrounding communities provide more jobs in aggregate.
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DOI：
10.1525/sop.2008.51.4.759
发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
Sociological perspectives : SP : official publication of the Pacific Sociological Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
Downey L;Hawkins B
通讯作者：
Hawkins B
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Greenstone, M
通讯作者：
Greenstone, M
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Kurtulus, Fidan Ana
通讯作者：
Kurtulus, Fidan Ana
DOI：
10.1002/csr.238
发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Ash, Michael;Boyce, James K.
通讯作者：
Boyce, James K.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
LEONARD, JS
通讯作者：
LEONARD, JS