Contraception and HIV infection in women.

Contraception and HIV infection in women.
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DOI:
10.1093/humupd/dmn049
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发表时间:
2009-03
影响因子:
13.3
通讯作者:
Lähteenmäki P
Lähteenmäki P
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heikinheimo O;Lähteenmäki P

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2007年底,1 500多万妇女感染了人体免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒),其中许多是育龄妇女。随着艾滋病毒流行病的演变,异性性交的风险越来越大:有艾滋病毒感染风险的年轻妇女的感染风险比年轻男子高4至7倍,每年有近50万新生儿感染艾滋病毒。本综述旨在显示避孕选择对艾滋病毒感染风险和艾滋病毒感染妇女病程的影响。在使用术语HIV/AIDS和避孕检索MEDLINE后,通过作者之间的协议选择相关引文。艾滋病毒传播的风险从1/200到1/10000性交事件不等,部分取决于阴道上皮的完整性。在艾滋病毒血清不一致的夫妇中,坚持使用男用避孕套已被证明可将艾滋病毒的横向传播减少80%。激素避孕可能会增加商业性工作者等高危妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险,但不会增加艾滋病毒低风险妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险。在两项涉及370名妇女的队列研究中,激素避孕药并不影响疾病进展,但在一项未接受抗逆转录病毒药物治疗的妇女的随机试验中,口服避孕药组的临床疾病加速(13.2/100女性-年)与铜宫内节育器组相比(8.6/100女性-年;风险比,1.5; 95%置信区间,1.04-2.1)。激素避孕不会干扰抗病毒药物的有效性。有感染艾滋病毒风险的妇女和感染艾滋病毒的妇女一般都可以使用所有现有的可逆避孕方法。需要进一步研究,以调查激素避孕在感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的妇女中的安全性和有效性。
More than 15 million women, many of reproductive age, were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the end of 2007. As the HIV epidemic evolves, heterosexual intercourse is increasingly risky: the risk of infection in exposed young women is 4- to 7-fold higher than in young men and nearly half a million newborns annually have HIV. This review aims to show the effect of contraceptive choices on risk of HIV and on the course of disease in women with HIV. Relevant citations were selected by agreement between the authors after a search of MEDLINE using the terms HIV/AIDS and contraception. Risk of transmission of HIV varies from 1 in 200 to 1 in 10 000 coital incidents, depending in part on the integrity of the vaginal epithelium. Consistent use of male condoms has been proven to reduce horizontal transmission of HIV by 80% among HIV-serodiscordant couples. Hormonal contraception may increase the risk of HIV acquisition in high-risk women such as commercial sex workers, but not in women at low risk of HIV. While hormonal contraception did not affect progression of disease in two cohort studies involving 370 women, in a randomized trial among women not receiving antiretroviral medication, clinical disease accelerated in the oral contraception group (13.2/100 woman-years) compared with the copper intrauterine devices group (8.6/100 woman-years; hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.1). Hormonal contraception does not interfere with antiviral drug effectiveness. All the available reversible contraceptive methods can generally be used by women at risk of HIV infection and by HIV-infected women. Further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficiency of hormonal contraception in women living with HIV/AIDS.
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00132-3
发表时间: 2000-07-01
期刊: CONTRACEPTION
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
Bahamondes, L;Trevisan, M;Faúndes, A
通讯作者: Faúndes, A
DOI: 10.1258/095646207781024766
发表时间: 2007-06-01
影响因子: 1.4
作者:
Coyne, Katherine M.;Hawkins, F.;Desmond, N.
通讯作者: Desmond, N.
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90279-1
发表时间: 1995-08-01
影响因子: 9.8
作者:
CRITCHLOW, CW;WOLNERHANSEN, P;HOLMES, KK
通讯作者: HOLMES, KK
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-001-8055-2
发表时间: 2001-02-01
影响因子: 4.5
作者:
Debiaggi, M;Zara, F;Filice, G
通讯作者: Filice, G
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2003.01983.x
发表时间: 2004-03-01
影响因子: 3.4
作者:
Fröhlich, M;Burhenne, J;Haefeli, WE
通讯作者: Haefeli, WE