The genome of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata is strongly methylated within genes and repetitive DNA.
The genome of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata is strongly methylated within genes and repetitive DNA.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0007223
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发表时间：
2009-09-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Unger T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krauss V;Eisenhardt C;Unger T
胞嘧啶DNA甲基化已在许多真核生物中被检测到，并已被证明在包括人类在内的脊椎动物的发育和疾病中发挥重要作用。从分子上看，DNA甲基化似乎参与了转录起始或延伸的抑制。由此产生的机体功能被认为是调控基因沉默，抑制转座子活性和抑制基因内的转录起始。然而，一些关于甲基胞嘧啶在昆虫物种中的分布的数据似乎与这种作用相矛盾。通过比较几种昆虫基因组DNA的MspI和HpaII限制模式，我们发现竹节虫（Phasmatodea）具有高度甲基化的基因组。我们从越南手杖Medauroidea extrentata（以前称为Baculum extrentatum）中分离出甲基化的DNA片段，并证明大多数相应的序列是重复的。亚硫酸盐测序显示，其中一个片段和部分保守蛋白编码基因的甲基胞嘧啶含量为12.6%，主要存在于CpG上，但也存在于CpT和CpA二核苷酸上。Medauroidea一些高度保守的蛋白质编码基因中CpG的相应消耗和TpG和CpA二核苷酸的富集程度与脊椎动物相似，表明CpG甲基化发生在这些昆虫的种系中。使用四种不同的方法，我们证明了Medauroidea extraentata的基因组是强烈甲基化的。重复DNA和编码基因似乎都含有高水平的甲基胞嘧啶。这些结果表明，竹节虫的DNA甲基化功能与脊椎动物的DNA甲基化功能相似。
Cytosine DNA methylation has been detected in many eukaryotic organisms and has been shown to play an important role in development and disease of vertebrates including humans. Molecularly, DNA methylation appears to be involved in the suppression of initiation or of elongation of transcription. Resulting organismal functions are suggested to be the regulation of gene silencing, the suppression of transposon activity and the suppression of initiation of transcription within genes. However, some data concerning the distribution of methylcytosine in insect species appear to contradict such roles. By comparison of MspI and HpaII restriction patterns in genomic DNA of several insects we show that stick insects (Phasmatodea) have highly methylated genomes. We isolated methylated DNA fragments from the Vietnamese Walking Stick Medauroidea extradentata (formerly known as Baculum extradentatum) and demonstrated that most of the corresponding sequences are repetitive. Bisulfite sequencing of one of these fragments and of parts of conserved protein-coding genes revealed a methylcytosine content of 12.6%, mostly found at CpG, but also at CpT and CpA dinucleotides. Corresponding depletions of CpG and enrichments of TpG and CpA dinucleotides in some highly conserved protein-coding genes of Medauroidea reach a similar degree as in vertebrates and show that CpG methylation has occurred in the germline of these insects. Using four different methods, we demonstrate that the genome of Medauroidea extradentata is strongly methylated. Both repetitive DNA and coding genes appear to contain high levels of methylcytosines. These results argue for similar functions of DNA methylation in stick insects as those already known for vertebrates.
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影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Ball, Madeleine P.;Li, Jin Billy;Gao, Yuan;Lee, Je-Hyuk;LeProust, Emily M.;Park, In-Hyun;Xie, Bin;Daley, George Q.;Church, George M.
通讯作者：
Church, George M.
表观遗传标记的遗传：CpG DNA甲基转移酶1是从头建立非CPG甲基化的复杂模式所必需的。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Rassoulzadegan, Minoo
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Bongiorni, S;Prantera, G
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Field, LM
通讯作者：
Field, LM
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hellman, Asaf;Chess, Andrew
通讯作者：
Chess, Andrew