Reasons for alcohol use and non-use by underage U.S. autistic youth: A qualitative study.
Reasons for alcohol use and non-use by underage U.S. autistic youth: A qualitative study.
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DOI：
10.1177/13623613221091319
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Caplan, Reid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rothman, Emily F.;Holmes, Laura Graham;Brooks, Dani;Krauss, Shari;Caplan, Reid
本研究描述了自闭症青少年对酒精的看法和经历，包括使用和不使用的原因。我们对16-20岁的自闭症青少年进行了40次半结构化访谈。其中，20人在过去一年中喝过酒。我们使用了一种基于内容的归纳分析方法。年轻人在选择使用或戒酒时是经过深思熟虑的。一些人对酒精的影响进行了自己的背景研究，而另一些人则采取了非常谨慎的饮酒方式，并在饮酒期间小心地控制饮酒量。不喝酒的原因包括：害怕酒精上瘾，不喜欢酒精的味道，担心酒精与处方药相互作用，以及希望避免宿醉，解除抑制或其他负面影响。另一方面，年轻人对酒精有一些积极的期望：非自闭症患者在饮酒时更容易接受，酒精帮助自闭症患者应对问题，易怒，无聊和感官处理挑战，并帮助他们融入。结果表明，自闭症成年人的酒精使用障碍可能源于未成年人的经历，这些经历可以暂时缓解社交焦虑、社交孤立感和感觉处理方面的挑战。为自闭症青少年制定以证据为基础的青少年酒精预防策略可能是重要的下一步。危险饮酒是指一个人的饮酒使他们面临更大的负面事件风险（例如，健康问题或车祸）。一些研究表明，自闭症患者可能比非自闭症患者有更大的危险使用酒精，而其他研究发现，自闭症患者比非自闭症患者更少使用有害酒精。我们需要了解为什么患有自闭症的未成年人会选择喝酒或不喝酒。本研究的目的是了解美国自闭症青少年对酒精的态度和行为。我们采访了40名年龄在16-20岁之间的自闭症青年。年轻人描述了他们选择喝酒的几个原因，包括感觉非自闭症患者在喝酒时更容易接受，喝酒能让他们不那么易怒或无聊，帮助他们处理问题，帮助他们融入社会。不喝酒的原因包括担心上瘾、药物相互作用、不喜欢酒的味道、害怕宿醉和其他健康问题，以及担心喝醉时的愚蠢行为。研究结果表明，自闭症成年人的危险酒精使用可能源于未成年人的经历，这些经历使自闭症青少年暂时缓解了社交焦虑、孤独感和感官处理方面的挑战。目前，美国还没有针对自闭症患者的基于证据的酒精预防项目。可能需要一个或多个这样的程序。本研究的结果可以用来调整现有的非自闭症青少年项目，以适应自闭症青少年的独特需求和风险因素。
This study describes the views and experiences of autistic youth about alcohol, including reasons for use and non-use. We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with autistic youth ages 16–20 years old. Of these, 20 had consumed alcohol in the past year. We used an inductive content-based analysis approach. Youth were deliberate about their choices to use, or abstain from, alcohol. Some conducted their own background research on the effects of alcohol, while others took a very measured approach to drinking and paced their alcohol consumption during drinking episodes with care. Reasons not to drink included: fear of developing alcohol addiction, not liking the taste of alcohol, concern about alcohol interacting with prescribed medications, as well as desire to avoid hangover, disinhibition or other negative effects. On the other hand, youth had some positive alcohol expectancies: non-autistic people are more accepting when drinking, alcohol helps autistic people cope with problems, irritability, boredom, and sensory processing challenges, and helps them fit in. Results reveal that alcohol use disorder in autistic adults could have its roots in underage experiences that provide temporary relief from social anxiety, feeling socially isolated, and challenges with sensory processing. The development of evidence-based youth alcohol prevention strategies for autistic youth may be an important next step. Hazardous alcohol use is when a person’s drinking puts them at increased risk for negative events (for example, health problems or car crashes). Some studies show that autistic people may be at greater risk for hazardous alcohol use than non-autistic people, while other studies have found that hazardous alcohol use is less common among autistic people than non-autistic people. We need to learn why autistic underage youth choose to drink alcohol or not. The goal of this study was to learn from US autistic youth about their attitudes and behavior related to alcohol. Forty autistic youth ages 16–20 years old were interviewed. Youth described several reasons why they choose to drink alcohol, including feeling like non-autistic people are more accepting when drinking, that it puts them in a less irritable or bored mood, helps them cope with problems, and helps them fit in. Reasons for not drinking alcohol include worries about becoming addicted, medication interactions, not liking the taste, fear of experiencing hangover and other health problems, and concern about acting foolish when drunk. Results reveal that hazardous alcohol use in autistic adults could have its roots in underage experiences that give autistic youth temporary relief from social anxiety, feeling lonely, and challenges with sensory processing. Right now, there are no evidence-based alcohol prevention programs in the US for autistic people. One or more such programs may be needed. The results from this study could be used to adapt existing programs for non-autistic youth to the unique needs and risk factors of autistic youth.
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