Linear look-ahead in conjunctive cells: an entorhinal mechanism for vector-based navigation.
Linear look-ahead in conjunctive cells: an entorhinal mechanism for vector-based navigation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2012.00020
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fenton AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kubie JL;Fenton AA
内嗅网格细胞和连接细胞的“发射突起”的清晰组织导致了内嗅皮层可能计算线性导航路线的概念。具体来说，我们提出了一个过程，称为“线性前瞻”，通过该过程，一个静止的动物可以计算一系列的位置，它所面临的方向。我们推测，这种计算可以通过内嗅神经元之间的连接强度的学习模式来实现。本文共分三个部分。首先，我们描述将构建到我们的网络中的最小网格单元属性。具体来说，该网络依赖于神经元的“刚性模块”，其中所有成员具有相同的网格尺度和方向，但空间相位不同。此外，这些神经元必须与突触紧密相连，这些突触在动物生命的早期是可以改变的。第二，我们调查是否可塑性在短期的运动可以诱导模式之间的连接网格细胞或结膜细胞。最后，我们运行一个模拟来测试学习的连接模式是否可以表现出线性前瞻。我们的结果很简单。一个模拟的30分钟步行产生弱加强的网格细胞之间的突触，不支持线性前瞻。在合取细胞模块中进行类似的训练，会在细胞之间产生一个非常强的连接的小子集。这些强对具有三个特性：突触前和突触后细胞具有相似的前进方向。所述单元对具有相邻的网格凸块。最后，单元对的点火凸块的空间偏移在共同航向偏好的方向上。这样的模块可以产生从任何位置开始并向任何方向延伸的强大而准确的线性前瞻。我们推测这个过程可能：（1）计算到目标的线性路径;（2）在导航过程中更新网格单元激发;（3）稳定网格单元和合取单元的刚性模块。
The crisp organization of the “firing bumps” of entorhinal grid cells and conjunctive cells leads to the notion that the entorhinal cortex may compute linear navigation routes. Specifically, we propose a process, termed “linear look-ahead,” by which a stationary animal could compute a series of locations in the direction it is facing. We speculate that this computation could be achieved through learned patterns of connection strengths among entorhinal neurons. This paper has three sections. First, we describe the minimal grid cell properties that will be built into our network. Specifically, the network relies on “rigid modules” of neurons, where all members have identical grid scale and orientation, but differ in spatial phase. Additionally, these neurons must be densely interconnected with synapses that are modifiable early in the animal’s life. Second, we investigate whether plasticity during short bouts of locomotion could induce patterns of connections amongst grid cells or conjunctive cells. Finally, we run a simulation to test whether the learned connection patterns can exhibit linear look-ahead. Our results are straightforward. A simulated 30-min walk produces weak strengthening of synapses between grid cells that do not support linear look-ahead. Similar training in a conjunctive cell module produces a small subset of very strong connections between cells. These strong pairs have three properties: the pre- and post-synaptic cells have similar heading direction. The cell pairs have neighboring grid bumps. Finally, the spatial offset of firing bumps of the cell pair is in the direction of the common heading preference. Such a module can produce strong and accurate linear look-ahead starting in any location and extending in any direction. We speculate that this process may: (1) compute linear paths to goals; (2) update grid cell firing during navigation; and (3) stabilize the rigid modules of grid cells and conjunctive cells.
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