Modeling Huntington's disease with induced pluripotent stem cells.

Modeling Huntington's disease with induced pluripotent stem cells.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.mcn.2013.02.005
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Finkbeiner, Steven
Finkbeiner, Steven
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kaye, Julia A.;Finkbeiner, Steven

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亨廷顿病(HD)会导致严重的运动功能障碍、行为异常、认知障碍和死亡。对其分子病理学的研究主要依赖于小鼠组织;然而,最近诱导多能干细胞(IPSCs)的发现为使用直接来自患者的细胞建立神经退行性疾病模型开辟了新的可能性,因此可能为深入了解HD的发病机制提供一个基于人类细胞的平台。在这里,我们将研究IPSCs在HD研究中的实际应用,例如将胚胎干细胞(ESCs)或IPSCs分化为中等刺状神经元的方法,这是HD最敏感的细胞类型。我们将探索在IPSCs和ESCs中发现的HD相关表型,并回顾在HD症状出现之前,大脑发育和神经发生实际上是如何被改变的,这可能会为寻找延缓疾病发作的药物提供信息。最后,我们将推测令人兴奋的可能性,即ESCs或IPSCs可能被用作治疗方法,以恢复或取代HD大脑中濒临死亡的神经元。
Huntington’s disease (HD) causes severe motor dysfunction, behavioral abnormalities, cognitive impairment and death. Investigations into its molecular pathology have primarily relied on murine tissues; however, the recent discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened new possibilities to model neurodegenerative disease using cells derived directly from patients, and therefore may provide a human-cell-based platform for unique insights into the pathogenesis of HD. Here, we will examine the practical implementation of iPSCs to study HD, such as approaches to differentiate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or iPSCs into medium spiny neurons, the cell type most susceptible in HD. We will explore the HD-related phenotypes identified in iPSCs and ESCs and review how brain development and neurogenesis may actually be altered early, before the onset of HD symptoms, which could inform the search for drugs that delay disease onset. Finally, we will speculate on the exciting possibility that ESCs or iPSCs might be used as therapeutics to restore or replace dying neurons in HD brains.
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