Structure, Function, and Molecular Landscapes of the Aging Retina.

Structure, Function, and Molecular Landscapes of the Aging Retina.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-vision-112122-020950
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发表时间:
2023-09-15
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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由于中枢神经系统在很大程度上是不可更新的,神经元和它们的突触必须在个体的一生中得到维持,以确保回路功能。年龄是神经系统疾病的主要风险因素,即使在没有疾病的情况下,神经系统功能的下降也是衰老的常见特征。这些改变延伸到视觉系统,特别是视网膜。视网膜是与临床相关的年龄相关变化的部位,但也已被证明是一个独特的可接近的系统,可以发现控制神经衰老的原理,因为它被很好地映射,包含不同的神经元类型,并且可以通过实验获得。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了结构和分子的影响,老化对神经元的内部和外部视网膜电路。我们进一步讨论了非神经元细胞类型和系统对视网膜老化结果的贡献。了解视网膜衰老的方式和原因对于预防与年龄相关的神经衰退和恢复神经功能至关重要。
Because the central nervous system is largely nonrenewing, neurons and their synapses must be maintained over the lifetime of an individual to ensure circuit function. Age is a dominant risk factor for neural diseases, and declines in nervous system function are a common feature of aging even in the absence of disease. These alterations extend to the visual system and, in particular, to the retina. The retina is a site of clinically relevant age-related alterations but has also proven to be a uniquely approachable system for discovering principles that govern neural aging because it is well mapped, contains diverse neuron types, and is experimentally accessible. In this article, we review the structural and molecular impacts of aging on neurons within the inner and outer retina circuits. We further discuss the contribution of non-neuronal cell types and systems to retinal aging outcomes. Understanding how and why the retina ages is critical to efforts aimed at preventing age-related neural decline and restoring neural function.
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