Strategies and applications for incorporating physical and chemical signal gradients in tissue engineering.
Strategies and applications for incorporating physical and chemical signal gradients in tissue engineering.
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DOI：
10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0304
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发表时间：
2008-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Detamore MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh M;Berkland C;Detamore MS
从胚胎发育到伤口修复，生物活性信号分子的浓度梯度引导组织形成和再生。此外，细胞和细胞外结构以及机械性能的梯度在天然组织中很明显。也许组织工程师可以从大自然中得到启示，通过将梯度纳入工程设计策略来尝试组织再生。事实上，基于梯度的方法是组织工程的一个新兴趋势，与传统的使用各向同性支架的细胞和/或生长因子的均匀递送方法形成对比。组织工程的梯度位于该领域三种主要范式的交叉点——仿生、界面和功能组织工程——通过结合物理（通过生物材料设计）和化学（通过生长/分化因子和细胞粘附分子）信号传递来实现结构和功能的连续转变。这篇综述整合了几种关键的方法来产生梯度，其中一些从未在组织工程应用中使用，并讨论了将这些方法纳入组织工程和植入物设计的策略。本综述的一个关键发现是，二维物理化学梯度底物作为优化所需生物材料性能的优秀高通量筛选工具，可以在未来通过从二维过渡到三维来增强，这将使细胞-蛋白质-生物材料相互作用的研究能够在更天然的组织样环境中进行。此外，通过梯度物理和化学信号的联合传递来实现仿生组织再生似乎是一种很有前途的异质组织和组织界面再生策略。在未来，与传统的组织工程方法相比，基于梯度的机械完整性和信号传递策略的体内应用将更多地揭示其性能。
From embryonic development to wound repair, concentration gradients of bioactive signaling molecules guide tissue formation and regeneration. Moreover, gradients in cellular and extracellular architecture as well as in mechanical properties are readily apparent in native tissues. Perhaps tissue engineers can take a cue from nature in attempting to regenerate tissues by incorporating gradients into engineering design strategies. Indeed, gradient-based approaches are an emerging trend in tissue engineering, standing in contrast to traditional approaches of homogeneous delivery of cells and/or growth factors using isotropic scaffolds. Gradients in tissue engineering lie at the intersection of three major paradigms in the field—biomimetic, interfacial, and functional tissue engineering—by combining physical (via biomaterial design) and chemical (with growth/differentiation factors and cell adhesion molecules) signal delivery to achieve a continuous transition in both structure and function. This review consolidates several key methodologies to generate gradients, some of which have never been employed in a tissue engineering application, and discusses strategies for incorporating these methods into tissue engineering and implant design. A key finding of this review was that two-dimensional physicochemical gradient substrates, which serve as excellent high-throughput screening tools for optimizing desired biomaterial properties, can be enhanced in the future by transitioning from two dimensions to three dimensions, which would enable studies of cell–protein–biomaterial interactions in a more native tissue–like environment. In addition, biomimetic tissue regeneration via combined delivery of graded physical and chemical signals appears to be a promising strategy for the regeneration of heterogeneous tissues and tissue interfaces. In the future, in vivo applications will shed more light on the performance of gradient-based mechanical integrity and signal delivery strategies compared to traditional tissue engineering approaches.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Cukierman, E;Pankov, R;Yamada, KM
通讯作者：
Yamada, KM
DOI：
10.1002/neu.20075
发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Adams, DN;Kao, EYC;Letourneau, PC
通讯作者：
Letourneau, PC
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alexander, MR;Whittle, JD;Short, RD
通讯作者：
Short, RD
影响因子：
3
作者：
Choee, JH;Lee, SJ;Khang, G
通讯作者：
Khang, G
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Burdick, JA;Khademhosseini, A;Langer, R
通讯作者：
Langer, R