Correction of distortion in flattened representations of the cortical surface allows prediction of V1-V3 functional organization from anatomy.
Correction of distortion in flattened representations of the cortical surface allows prediction of V1-V3 functional organization from anatomy.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003538
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Aguirre GK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benson NC;Butt OH;Brainard DH;Aguirre GK
神经科学的几个领域提供了类似地图的模型，将皮层表面的位置与感觉表征的属性联系起来。在皮层视觉区域V1、V2和V3内，代数变换可以将视野中的位置与平坦皮层片上的视网膜位置表示相关联。这种结构-功能模型在实际应用中的一个限制是，皮层虽然在拓扑学上是一个二维表面，但它是弯曲的。将曲面展平为平面必然会引入理想化模型中未考虑的局部几何失真。在这里，我们表明，这一限制是克服纠正皮质扁平化引起的几何失真。我们使用一个质量弹簧阻尼器模拟创建视觉区域V1，V2和V3的功能性MRI视网膜定位映射数据和视网膜定位的代数模型之间的注册。然后将该配准应用于平坦的皮质表面解剖结构，以创建链接到代数视网膜定位模型的解剖模板。这种注册的皮质模板可以用来准确地预测的位置和retinotopic组织这些早期的视觉区域从皮质解剖单独。此外，我们表明，预测精度仍然外推时，用于通知模型的数据范围，表明注册反映了视皮层的视网膜组织。我们提供了代码的质量弹簧阻尼器技术，它具有普遍的效用，注册的皮质结构和功能以外的视觉皮层。视觉世界的二维投影，称为视网膜定位图，分布在人脑的纹状区和纹状区外。视网膜定位图的组织已经用将视野中的位置映射到皮质表面上的点的代数函数来描述。这些函数将皮质表面表示为一个平面。事实上，大脑的表面本质上是弯曲的。因此，使皮质表面变平会引入皮质片的几何失真，这限制了代数函数对实际脑成像数据的拟合。我们提出了一种技术来解决几何失真的问题。我们使用功能性MRI从一组人中收集视网膜定位图数据。我们将皮质表面视为质量-弹簧-阻尼器系统，并校正皮质表面的拓扑结构，以将功能成像数据注册到视网膜组织的代数模型。从这个注册，我们构建了一个模板，能够预测的视网膜组织皮层视觉区V1，V2和V3只使用大脑解剖的主题。这种预测的准确性与功能测量本身相当。
Several domains of neuroscience offer map-like models that link location on the cortical surface to properties of sensory representation. Within cortical visual areas V1, V2, and V3, algebraic transformations can relate position in the visual field to the retinotopic representation on the flattened cortical sheet. A limit to the practical application of this structure-function model is that the cortex, while topologically a two-dimensional surface, is curved. Flattening of the curved surface to a plane unavoidably introduces local geometric distortions that are not accounted for in idealized models. Here, we show that this limitation is overcome by correcting the geometric distortion induced by cortical flattening. We use a mass-spring-damper simulation to create a registration between functional MRI retinotopic mapping data of visual areas V1, V2, and V3 and an algebraic model of retinotopy. This registration is then applied to the flattened cortical surface anatomy to create an anatomical template that is linked to the algebraic retinotopic model. This registered cortical template can be used to accurately predict the location and retinotopic organization of these early visual areas from cortical anatomy alone. Moreover, we show that prediction accuracy remains when extrapolating beyond the range of data used to inform the model, indicating that the registration reflects the retinotopic organization of visual cortex. We provide code for the mass-spring-damper technique, which has general utility for the registration of cortical structure and function beyond the visual cortex. A two-dimensional projection of the visual world, termed a retinotopic map, is spread across the striate and extra-striate areas of the human brain. The organization of retinotopic maps has been described with algebraic functions that map position in the visual field to points on the cortical surface. These functions represent the cortical surface as a flat sheet. In fact, the surface of the brain is intrinsically curved. Flattening the cortical surface thus introduces geometric distortions of the cortical sheet that limit the fitting of algebraic functions to actual brain imaging data. We present a technique to fix the problem of geometric distortions. We collected retinotopic mapping data using functional MRI from a group of people. We treated the cortical surface as a mass-spring-damper system and corrected the topology of the cortical surface to register the functional imaging data to an algebraic model of retinotopic organization. From this registration we construct a template that is able to predict the retinotopic organization of cortical visual areas V1, V2, and V3 using only the brain anatomy of a subject. The accuracy of this prediction is comparable to that of functional measurement itself.
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