Semivolatile organic compounds in homes: strategies for efficient and systematic exposure measurement based on empirical and theoretical factors.
Semivolatile organic compounds in homes: strategies for efficient and systematic exposure measurement based on empirical and theoretical factors.
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DOI：
10.1021/es502988r
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发表时间：
2015-01-06
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodson, Robin E.;Camann, David E.;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;Brody, Julia G.;Rudel, Ruthann A.
住宅接触可能在对健康有影响的商业化学品的总接触中占主导地位;然而，尽管消费者接触很重要，但估算住宅接触的方法仍然有限。我们收集了49个加州家庭的室内灰尘和室内空气样本，并分析了76种半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）-邻苯二甲酸酯，多溴联苯醚（PBDEs），多氯联苯（PCBs），多环芳烃（PAH）和农药。在灰尘或空气中检测到60种化学物质，在这里，我们首次报告在灰尘中检测到58种SVOCs。在灰尘中，邻苯二甲酸酯（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯、邻苯二甲酸苄丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯）和阻燃剂（PBDE 99、PBDE 47）在第95百分位数处的浓度相对于其他化学品最高，而邻苯二甲酸酯在中位数处的浓度最高。由于SVOCs存在于气相和冷凝相中，并随着时间的推移从其原始来源重新分布，因此分配模型可以澄清它们在室内的命运。我们使用经验数据来验证空气-灰尘分区模型，并使用这些结果，结合SVOC暴露评估的经验，推荐住宅暴露测量策略。我们可以根据测量的空气浓度（R2 = 0.80）合理地预测粉尘浓度。分配模型和知识的化学Koa阐明接触途径，并建议化学品监管的优先事项。这些发现还为研究设计提供了信息，使研究人员能够选择针对感兴趣的化学物质和研究目标进行优化的采样方法。虽然由于易于实施，表面擦拭物通常用于流行病学研究，但被动空气采样可能在家庭之间更加标准化，并且部署起来也相对简单。SVOCs被动空气采样方法的验证是一个优先事项。
Residential exposure can dominate total exposure for commercial chemicals of health concern; however, despite the importance of consumer exposures, methods for estimating household exposures remain limited. We collected house dust and indoor air samples in 49 California homes and analyzed for 76 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs)—phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. Sixty chemicals were detected in either dust or air and here we report 58 SVOCs detected in dust for the first time. In dust, phthalates (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate) and flame retardants (PBDE 99, PBDE 47) were detected at the highest concentrations relative to other chemicals at the 95th percentile, while phthalates were highest at the median. Because SVOCs are found in both gas and condensed phases and redistribute from their original source over time, partitioning models can clarify their fate indoors. We use empirical data to validate air-dust partitioning models and use these results, combined with experience in SVOC exposure assessment, to recommend residential exposure measurement strategies. We can predict dust concentrations reasonably well from measured air concentrations (R2 = 0.80). Partitioning models and knowledge of chemical Koa elucidate exposure pathways and suggest priorities for chemical regulation. These findings also inform study design by allowing researchers to select sampling approaches optimized for their chemicals of interest and study goals. While surface wipes are commonly used in epidemiology studies because of ease of implementation, passive air sampling may be more standardized between homes and also relatively simple to deploy. Validation of passive air sampling methods for SVOCs is a priority.
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2009.73
发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Egeghy, Peter P.;Lorber, Matthew
通讯作者：
Lorber, Matthew
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Egeghy, Peter P.;Judson, Richard;Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen
通讯作者：
Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen
通过重复空气和尿液样本评估孕妇邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的特征。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Adibi, Jennifer J.;Whyatt, Robin M.;Williams, Paige L.;Calafat, Antonia M.;Camann, David;Herrick, Robert;Nelson, Heather;Bhat, Hari K.;Perera, Frederica A.;Silva, Manori J.;Hauser, Russ
通讯作者：
Hauser, Russ
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lioy, Paul J;Freeman, Natalie C G;Millette, James R
通讯作者：
Millette, James R
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Erickson, Britt E.
通讯作者：
Erickson, Britt E.