What are lay theories of social class?
What are lay theories of social class?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0070589
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Varnum ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Varnum ME
许多研究都记录了社会阶层对心理和行为变量的影响。然而，关于社会阶层如何影响这些维度的非专业观点尚未得到系统测试。研究1和研究2评估了外行人对社会阶层与8个变量（包括心理和行为倾向以及认知能力）之间关系的看法。研究3评估了外行对五大人格特征和社会阶层的看法，研究4将研究1中的8个变量以相反的方式重新定义，得出了类似的结果。研究5包含了研究1和研究4中所包含的变量，并重复了这些结果，表明框架效应不是观察到的效应的原因。有趣的是，在大多数情况下，外行人对社会阶层的看法并没有因为参与者自己的社会阶层而有所不同。一般来说，人们对社会阶层与幸福、健康、智力和神经质之间的关系持有相对准确和一致的刻板印象。相比之下，外行关于社会阶层和推理风格的信念，以及关系、社会和情感倾向则不那么一致和连贯。这项研究表明，总的来说，人们对社会阶级的看法并不是特别准确，而且在某些领域，对社会阶级的后果存在着相互矛盾的刻板印象。
Numerous studies have documented the effects of social class on psychological and behavioral variables. However, lay beliefs about how social class affects these dimensions have not been systematically tested. Studies 1 and 2 assessed lay beliefs about the association between social class and 8 variables (including psychological and behavioral tendencies and cognitive ability). Study 3 assessed lay beliefs about the Big five personality traits and social class, and study 4 reframed the 8 variables from study 1 in opposite terms and yielded similar results. Study 5 contained the variables framed as in both studies 1 and 4, and replicated those results suggesting that framing effects were not responsible for the effects observed. Interestingly, for the most part lay beliefs about social class did not differ as a function of participants’ own social class. In general people held relatively accurate and consistent stereotypes about the relationship between social class and well-being, health, intelligence, and neuroticism. In contrast lay beliefs regarding social class and reasoning styles, as well as relational, social, and emotional tendencies were less consistent and coherent. This work suggests that on the whole people’s beliefs about social class are not particularly accurate, and further that in some domains there are contradictory stereotypes about the consequences of social class.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1001911107
发表时间：
2010-04-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Na, Jinkyung;Grossmann, Igor;Nisbett, Richard E.
通讯作者：
Nisbett, Richard E.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Chapman, Benjamin P.;Fiscella, Kevin;Duberstein, Paul R.
通讯作者：
Duberstein, Paul R.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Kraus, Michael W.;Piff, Paul K.;Keltner, Dacher
通讯作者：
Keltner, Dacher
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Adler, NE;Epel, ES;Ickovics, JR
通讯作者：
Ickovics, JR
影响因子：
4
作者：
Madon, S;Jussim, L;Palumbo, P
通讯作者：
Palumbo, P