Cognitive development. Observing the unexpected enhances infants' learning and exploration.
Cognitive development. Observing the unexpected enhances infants' learning and exploration.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aaa3799
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发表时间：
2015-04-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Feigenson L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stahl AE;Feigenson L
考虑到环境中存在的大量信息，年轻的学习者如何知道应该学习什么，应该忽略什么？我们发现，11个月大的婴儿（N = 110）使用违反事先的期望作为特殊的学习机会。这些婴儿被展示了违反对物体行为的预期的事件，或者几乎相同但没有违反预期的事件。看到违反预期的物体会增强学习，促进信息寻求行为;具体来说，婴儿更有效地学习违反预期的物体，更多地探索这些物体，并参与反映所看到的特定类型违反的假设测试行为。因此，在生命的早期，期望值的违背为学习什么的问题提供了一个楔子。
Given the overwhelming quantity of information available from the environment, how do young learners know what to learn about and what to ignore? We found that 11-month-old infants (N = 110) used violations of prior expectations as special opportunities for learning. The infants were shown events that violated expectations about object behavior or events that were nearly identical but did not violate expectations. The sight of an object that violated expectations enhanced learning and promoted information-seeking behaviors; specifically, infants learned more effectively about objects that committed violations, explored those objects more, and engaged in hypothesis-testing behaviors that reflected the particular kind of violation seen. Thus, early in life, expectancy violations offer a wedge into the problem of what to learn.
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