The challenge of understanding the brain: where we stand in 2015.

The challenge of understanding the brain: where we stand in 2015.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.032
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发表时间:
2015-05-20
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Lisman, John
Lisman, John
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lisman, John

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神经科学从100多年前卡哈尔的工作开始,试图了解大脑细胞是如何产生认知功能的。神经科学在这一努力中取得了多大进展?这一视角评估了在阐明五个基本大脑过程方面的进展:视觉识别、长期记忆、短期记忆、动作选择和运动控制。这些过程中的每一个都需要几个级别的分析:行为属性、底层计算算法以及实现该算法的蜂窝/网络机制。在这一关头,尽管许多问题仍未得到回答,但几个研究领域的成就已经使将大脑网络的特定属性与认知功能联系起来成为可能。所学到的东西揭示了,至少在大致上,认知过程是如何成为神经元及其联系的紧急属性的。
Starting with the work of Cajal more than 100 years ago, neuroscience has sought to understand how the cells of the brain give rise to cognitive functions. How far has neuroscience progressed in this endeavor? This Perspective assesses progress in elucidating five basic brain processes: visual recognition, long-term memory, short-term memory, action selection, and motor control. Each of these processes entails several levels of analysis: the behavioral properties, the underlying computational algorithm, and the cellular/network mechanisms that implement that algorithm. At this juncture, while many questions remain unanswered, achievements in several areas of research have made it possible to relate specific properties of brain networks to cognitive functions. What has been learned reveals, at least in rough outline, how cognitive processes can be an emergent property of neurons and their connections.
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