Determinants of muscle carnosine content.
Determinants of muscle carnosine content.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00726-012-1233-y
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Sale, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, R. C.;Wise, J. A.;Price, K. A.;Kim, H. J.;Kim, C. K.;Sale, C.
肌肉肌肽（M-Carn）含量的主要决定因素无疑是物种，例如，有氧训练的女性素食运动员[大约13毫摩尔/公斤干肌肉（dm）]只有训练有素的纯种马的十分之一。肌肉纤维类型是另一个关键的决定因素，因为II型纤维比I型纤维具有更高的M-Carn或肌肉组氨酸含二肽（M-HCD）含量。在素食者中，M-Carn受肝脏合成β-丙氨酸的限制，而在杂食动物中，这是通过饮食中提供的HCD的水解而增加的，导致肌肉水平高出两倍或更多。补充β-丙氨酸会增加M-Carn。用等量的肌肽作为β-丙氨酸的替代来源，M-Carn也会出现同样的增加。停止补充后，M-Carn恢复到补充前的水平，估计为5-9周的1/2。在一些长期举重训练的受试者中，M-Carn含量高于正常水平，但尚不清楚这是由于训练本身，还是继发于肌纤维成分的变化，β-丙氨酸摄入量的增加，甚至是合成代谢类固醇的使用。尽管运动引起的肌肉损伤可能导致马的血浆浓度升高，但急性运动并没有导致m -卡恩的可测量损失。动物研究表明了性别和年龄的影响，但人体研究缺乏对饮食和肌肉纤维成分变化影响的充分控制。
The main determinant of muscle carnosine (M-Carn) content is undoubtedly species, with, for example, aerobically trained female vegetarian athletes [with circa 13 mmol/kg dry muscle (dm)] having just 1/10th of that found in trained thoroughbred horses. Muscle fibre type is another key determinant, as type II fibres have a higher M-Carn or muscle histidine containing dipeptide (M-HCD) content than type I fibres. In vegetarians, M-Carn is limited by hepatic synthesis of β-alanine, whereas in omnivores this is augmented by the hydrolysis of dietary supplied HCD’s resulting in muscle levels two or more times higher. β-alanine supplementation will increase M-Carn. The same increase in M-Carn occurs with administration of an equal molar quantity of carnosine as an alternative source of β-alanine. Following the cessation of supplementation, M-Carn returns to pre-supplementation levels, with an estimated t1/2 of 5–9 weeks. Higher than normal M-Carn contents have been noted in some chronically weight-trained subjects, but it is unclear if this is due to the training per se, or secondary to changes in muscle fibre composition, an increase in β-alanine intake or even anabolic steroid use. There is no measureable loss of M-Carn with acute exercise, although exercise-induced muscle damage may result in raised plasma concentrations in equines. Animal studies indicate effects of gender and age, but human studies lack sufficient control of the effects of diet and changes in muscle fibre composition.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
del Favero, Serena;Roschel, Hamilton;Solis, Marina Y.;Hayashi, Ana P.;Artioli, Guilherme G.;Otaduy, Maria Concepcion;Benatti, Fabiana B.;Harris, Roger C.;Wise, John A.;Leite, Claudia C.;Pereira, Rosa M.;de Sa-Pinto, Ana L.;Lancha-Junior, Antonio Herbert;Gualano, Bruno
通讯作者：
Gualano, Bruno
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Kendrick, Iain P.;Harris, Roger C.;Wise, John A.
通讯作者：
Wise, John A.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Harris, RC;Tallon, MJ;Wise, JA
通讯作者：
Wise, JA
影响因子：
3
作者：
Baguet, Audrey;Everaert, Inge;Derave, Wim
通讯作者：
Derave, Wim
DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4347(97)88054-1
发表时间：
1997-01-10
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dunnett, M;Harris, RC
通讯作者：
Harris, RC