Sexual dimorphism in the prenatal digit ratio (2D:4D).
Sexual dimorphism in the prenatal digit ratio (2D:4D).
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DOI：
10.1007/s10508-009-9485-7
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wijnaendts, Liliane C. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galis, Frietson;Ten Broek, Clara M. A.;Van Dongen, Stefan;Wijnaendts, Liliane C. D.
人类男性的第二至第四指比率（2D：4D）小于女性，因此该特征具有性别二态性。手指比例被认为是在产前性激素影响下的产前早期发育过程中确定的。然而，早期建立的一般假设却很少被研究。在我们的研究中，我们分析了 327 个已故人类胎儿的 2D:4D 比率。我们测量了 169 名男性和 158 名女性胎儿的手指长度，年龄范围为 14 至 42 周。我们的结果显示，在预期方向上存在轻微但显着的性别二态性，即女性的平均比率为 0.924，男性的比率为 0.916。与轻微和严重或单一和多重先天性异常的存在或不存在没有显着关系。基于手指长度（包括和排除非骨指尖）的手指比率之间存在微小但显着的差异，且这些值强相关（r = .98）。无论是男性还是女性，产前 2D:4D 比率均低于迄今为止儿童和成人的报告。胎儿的性别二态性程度与儿童相似，但低于成人。因此，男性和女性的 2D:4D 比率似乎在出生后都会增加，第二个数字的增长速度快于第四个数字（第二个数字的正异速生长），并且女性的增长可能比男性更快。因此，性别二态性可能是由产前和产后发育过程决定的。
The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is smaller in human males than in females and hence this trait is sexually dimorphic. The digit ratio is thought to be established during early prenatal development under the influence of prenatal sex hormones. However, the general assumption of early establishment has hardly been studied. In our study, we analyzed the 2D:4D ratio in 327 deceased human fetuses. We measured digit lengths in 169 male and 158 female fetuses ranging from 14 to 42 weeks old. Our results showed a slight, but significant, sexual dimorphism in the expected direction, i.e., females had, on average, a ratio of 0.924 and males a ratio of 0.916. There was no significant relationship with the presence or absence of minor and major or single and multiple congenital abnormalities. There was a minimal, but significant difference between digit ratios based on digit lengths including and excluding the non-bony fingertip with the values being strongly correlated (r = .98). The prenatal 2D:4D ratio was lower than has thus far been reported for children and adults both for males and females. The extent of the sexual dimorphism in fetuses was similar to that found for children, but lower than for adults. The 2D:4D ratio, thus, seems to increase after birth in both men and women, with the second digit growing faster than the fourth digit (positive allometric growth of digit two) and perhaps more so in women than in men. Therefore, the sexual dimorphism is probably determined by prenatal as well as by postnatal developmental processes.
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