Vestibular Modulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Muscle and Skin in Humans.
Vestibular Modulation of Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Muscle and Skin in Humans.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2017.00334
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Macefield VG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammam E;Macefield VG
我们回顾了人类前庭交感神经反射的存在。虽然已经使用了几种激活人类前庭器官的方法，但前庭电刺激（GVS）是一种经由乳突上的电极选择性地调节前庭传入活动的手段，引起左右运动的强大前庭错觉。正弦GVS（sGVS）导致交感神经流出部分夹带到肌肉和皮肤。来自前庭输入的肌肉交感神经活动（MSNA）的调制与压力感受器输入竞争，在远离心脏频率的频率处观察到与前庭刺激的更强的时间耦合;在一些个体中观察到“超级夹带”。低频（<0.2 Hz）sGVS显示每个周期有两个调制峰，双侧记录MSNA或皮肤交感神经活动，提供前庭刺激期间交感神经流出偏侧化的证据。然而，应该注意的是，GVS影响来自整个前庭器官（包括半规管）的传入神经的放电。为了确定负责产生前庭交感神经反射的前庭输入的具体来源，我们使用低频（<0.2 Hz）正弦线性加速度的坐姿或仰卧受试者，分别针对耳石的椭圆囊或囊状组件。虽然其他人不考虑半规管，我们表明，椭圆囊和球囊的前庭调制MSNA的贡献是非常相似的。此外，MSNA的调节发生在远低于受试者能够感知任何运动的水平的加速度下，这表明，与姿势的前庭脊髓控制一样，前庭系统有助于通过人类的有效反射来控制血压。
We review the existence of vestibulosympathetic reflexes in humans. While several methods to activate the human vestibular apparatus have been used, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a means of selectively modulating vestibular afferent activity via electrodes over the mastoid processes, causing robust vestibular illusions of side-to-side movement. Sinusoidal GVS (sGVS) causes partial entrainment of sympathetic outflow to muscle and skin. Modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from vestibular inputs competes with baroreceptor inputs, with stronger temporal coupling to the vestibular stimulus being observed at frequencies remote from the cardiac frequency; “super entrainment” was observed in some individuals. Low-frequency (<0.2 Hz) sGVS revealed two peaks of modulation per cycle, with bilateral recordings of MSNA or skin sympathetic nerve activity, providing evidence of lateralization of sympathetic outflow during vestibular stimulation. However, it should be noted that GVS influences the firing of afferents from the entire vestibular apparatus, including the semicircular canals. To identify the specific source of vestibular input responsible for the generation of vestibulosympathetic reflexes, we used low-frequency (<0.2 Hz) sinusoidal linear acceleration of seated or supine subjects to, respectively, target the utricular or saccular components of the otoliths. While others had discounted the semicircular canals, we showed that the contributions of the utricle and saccule to the vestibular modulation of MSNA are very similar. Moreover, that modulation of MSNA occurs at accelerations well below levels at which subjects are able to perceive any motion indicates that, like vestibulospinal control of posture, the vestibular system contributes to the control of blood pressure through potent reflexes in humans.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Cohen B;Yakushin SB;Holstein GR
通讯作者：
Holstein GR
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.3.r738
发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Cui, J;Iwase, S;Kitazawa, H
通讯作者：
Kitazawa, H
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bolton, PS;Kerman, IA;Yates, BJ
通讯作者：
Yates, BJ
影响因子：
4
作者：
Dampney, RAL;Polson, JW;Horiuchi, J
通讯作者：
Horiuchi, J
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.2.r625
发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Cui, J;Iwase, S;Mori, S
通讯作者：
Mori, S