The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention.
The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0254091
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
ETHICOBOTS consortium
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Almaw G;Conlan AJK;Ameni G;Gumi B;Alemu A;Guta S;Gebre S;Olani A;Garoma A;Shegu D;Yimesgen L;Nigussie D;Wood JLN;Abebe T;Mihret A;Berg S;ETHICOBOTS consortium
牛结核病（bTB）是影响奶牛生产力的重要疾病，也具有人畜共患传播的潜力。以前在埃塞俄比亚中部的乳制品行业进行的bTB患病率研究表明患病率很高，但是，这些研究仅限于相对较小规模的调查，引起了对其代表性的担忧。在这里，我们进行了一个横截面的一阶段整群抽样调查，以奶牛群作为一个集群，估计在埃塞俄比亚中部的六个地区的奶牛场的bTB的患病率。该调查于2016年3月至2017年5月进行，迄今为止，就奶牛场数量、研究区域和风险因素而言，该调查是该地区规模最大的调查。本研究结合结核菌素皮肤试验和通过问卷调查收集额外的牛群和动物水平数据，以确定导致bTB传播的潜在危险因素。我们应用单一皮内宫颈比较结核菌素（SICCT）试验，使用> 4 mm的临界值，将个体动物视为bTB阳性;至少需要一只反应动物才能将牛群视为bTB阳性。在六个研究区域随机选择了299个奶牛群，对其中的5,675头牛进行了试验。在牛群水平上，对群体中的个体大小进行标准化后，bTB的总体患病率为54.4%（95% CI 48.7-60%），在个体动物水平上为24.5%（95% CI 23.3-25.8）。采用以畜群和地区为随机效应的广义线性混合模型（GLMM）探讨与bTB状态相关的危险因素。我们发现，牛群规模，年龄，bTB历史在农场，品种是重要的风险因素，动物是SICCT阳性。与来自小型畜群的动物相比，来自大型畜群的动物成为结核菌素反应者的几率为8.3倍（OR：8.3，p值：0.008）。年龄的影响在8-10岁的动物（最老的类别）中最强，与最年轻的类别相比，其成为结核菌素反应者的几率是8.9倍（OR：8.9，p值：<0.001）。其他确定的显著风险因素为农场的bTB病史（OR：5.2，p值：0.003）和牛品种（OR：2.5，p值：0.032）。我们的研究表明，埃塞俄比亚中部的bTB患病率很高，但畜群之间的畜群内患病率差异很大，这一发现为今后制定控制策略奠定了重要基础。
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease for dairy productivity, as well as having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Previous prevalence studies of bTB in the dairy sector in central Ethiopia have suggested high prevalence, however, they have been limited to relatively small scale surveys, raising concerns about their representativeness. Here we carried out a cross sectional one-stage cluster sampling survey taking the dairy herd as a cluster to estimate the prevalence of bTB in dairy farms in six areas of central Ethiopia. The survey, which to date is by far the largest in the area in terms of the number of dairy farms, study areas and risk factors explored, took place from March 2016 to May 2017. This study combined tuberculin skin testing and the collection of additional herd and animal level data by questionnaire to identify potential risk factors contributing to bTB transmission. We applied the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test using >4mm cut-off for considering an individual animal as positive for bTB; at least one reactor animal was required for a herd to be considered bTB positive. Two hundred ninety-nine dairy herds in the six study areas were randomly selected, from which 5,675 cattle were tested. The overall prevalence of bTB after standardisation for herd-size in the population was 54.4% (95% CI 48.7–60%) at the herd level, and it was 24.5% (95% CI 23.3–25.8) at the individual animal level. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with herd and area as random effect was used to explore risk factors association with bTB status. We found that herd size, age, bTB history at farm, and breed were significant risk factors for animals to be SICCT positive. Animals from large herds had 8.3 times the odds of being tuberculin reactor (OR: 8.3, p-value:0.008) as compared to animals from small herds. The effect of age was strongest for animals 8–10 years of age (the oldest category) having 8.9 times the odds of being tuberculin reactors (OR: 8.9, p-value:<0.001) compared to the youngest category. The other identified significant risk factors were bTB history at farm (OR: 5.2, p-value:0.003) and cattle breed (OR: 2.5, p-value: 0.032). Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of bTB in central Ethiopia but with a large variation in within-herd prevalence between herds, findings that lays an important foundation for the future development of control strategies.
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