Stimulant use is associated with immune activation and depleted tryptophan among HIV-positive persons on anti-retroviral therapy.
Stimulant use is associated with immune activation and depleted tryptophan among HIV-positive persons on anti-retroviral therapy.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2008.07.010
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发表时间：
2008-11
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Fuchs, Dietmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrico, Adam W.;Johnson, Mallory O.;Morin, Stephen F.;Remien, Robert H.;Riley, Elise D.;Hecht, Frederick M.;Fuchs, Dietmar
可卡因、可卡因和甲基苯丙胺是促进自主神经系统激活的兴奋剂。尽管这些兴奋剂可能具有免疫调节作用，但对这种可能性进行检验的研究相对较少。目前的横断面调查使用了127名HIV阳性患者的基线数据，这些患者参加了一项随机对照试验。这项研究的目的是检查兴奋剂的使用是否与免疫激活和色氨酸降解指数独立相关。44名参与者报告每月使用兴奋剂2-3次或更多(即每月使用兴奋剂)，其中27名参与者报告在过去三个月中每周使用一次或更多兴奋剂(即每周使用兴奋剂)。将这些使用兴奋剂的组与一组在过去三个月内没有报告使用兴奋剂的参与者(n=83)进行比较。结果表明，报告每月或每周使用兴奋剂的人表现出新喋呤的升高，这是一种衡量免疫激活的指标。那些每周报告使用兴奋剂的人也显示出艾滋病毒病毒载量显著增加，色氨酸水平降低。即使在控制了自我报告的ART不依从性后，每周使用兴奋剂也独立地与较高的新喋呤、较高的HIV病毒载量和较低的色氨酸相关。据我们所知，这是第一个观察到使用兴奋剂可以独立地促进接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒阳性者的免疫激活和色氨酸降解的研究。需要进一步的研究来重复这些发现，并检查可能解释兴奋剂使用对艾滋病毒疾病标志物和耗尽的色氨酸的影响的合理的生物行为途径。
Cocaine, crack, and methamphetamine are stimulants that promote autonomic nervous system activation. Although these stimulants may have immunomodulatory effects, relatively few studies have examined this possibility. The present cross-sectional investigation utilized baseline data from 127 HIV-positive individuals on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. The goal of this study was to examine whether stimulant use is independently associated with immune activation and indices of tryptophan degradation. Forty-four participants reported using stimulants 2–3 times a month or more (i.e., monthly stimulant use) and a sub-set of these (n=27) reported using stimulants once a week or more (i.e., weekly stimulant use) during the past three months. These stimulant-using groups were compared to a group of participants who reported no stimulant use (n=83) during the past three months. Results indicated that individuals who reported either monthly or weekly stimulant use displayed elevated neopterin, a measure of immune activation. Those who reported weekly stimulant use also displayed a markedly elevated HIV viral load and lower tryptophan levels. Even after controlling for self-reported ART non-adherence, weekly stimulant use was independently associated with higher neopterin, elevated HIV viral load, and lower tryptophan. To our knowledge, this is the first study to observe that stimulant use may independently promote immune activation and tryptophan degradation among HIV-positive persons on ART. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and examine the plausible bio-behavioral pathways that may account for the effects of stimulant use on HIV disease markers and depleted tryptophan.
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DOI：
10.1097/qai.0b013e318158a474
发表时间：
2007-12-15
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Johnson, Mallory O.;Charlebois, Edwin;Chesney, Margaret A.
通讯作者：
Chesney, Margaret A.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Makisumi, T;Yoshida, K;Morimoto, A
通讯作者：
Morimoto, A
影响因子：
15.1
作者：
Nance, Dwight M.;Sanders, Virginia M.
通讯作者：
Sanders, Virginia M.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Beck, AT;Steer, RA;Ranieri, WF
通讯作者：
Ranieri, WF
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Ellis, RJ;Childers, ME;Grant, I
通讯作者：
Grant, I