Ultrasonic communication in rats: can playback of 50-kHz calls induce approach behavior?
Ultrasonic communication in rats: can playback of 50-kHz calls induce approach behavior?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001365
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发表时间：
2007-12-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schwarting, Rainer K. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woehr, Markus;Schwarting, Rainer K. W.
老鼠发出不同类型的超声波发声，这取决于年龄，受试者的当前状态和环境因素。由于它表明，50 kHz的电话可以作为动物的积极的主观状态的指数，他们已经收到了越来越多的实验关注，并已成功地用于研究积极影响的神经生物学机制。然而，这种呼叫很可能不仅反映了积极的情感状态，而且还服务于交际目的。事实上，老鼠发出的50 kHz的叫声频率最高，通常是在社会交往中，比如生殖行为、少年游戏和挠痒痒。此外，最近的研究表明，大鼠在与同种分离后发出50 kHz的叫声。本研究的目的是测试这种50 kHz的电话的交际价值。在第一个实验中，在位于单独的径向迷宫装置的幼年大鼠进行，我们表明，50 kHz的电话可以诱导行为激活和方法的反应，这是选择性的50 kHz的信号，因为介绍22 kHz的电话，被认为是厌恶或威胁的信号，导致行为抑制。在另外两个实验中，我们使用了以前从其他大鼠记录的自然50 kHz呼叫，或人工正弦波刺激，这些呼叫在峰值频率，呼叫长度和时间外观方面与这些呼叫相同。这些信号被呈现给任一幼年体（Exp. 2)成人（Exp. 3)雄性大鼠我们的数据清楚地表明，50 kHz的信号可以诱导的方法的行为，效果，这是更明显的幼年大鼠，这是不选择性的自然调用，特别是在成年大鼠。受体大鼠也发出了一些50 kHz的呼叫响应呼叫介绍，但这种效果只在成年受试者中观察到。总而言之，我们的数据表明，50 kHz的通话可以达到沟通目的，即作为一种社交信号，这增加了接收者同种接近的可能性。
Rats emit distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations, which differ depending on age, the subject's current state and environmental factors. Since it was shown that 50-kHz calls can serve as indices of the animal's positive subjective state, they have received increasing experimental attention, and have successfully been used to study neurobiological mechanisms of positive affect. However, it is likely that such calls do not only reflect a positive affective state, but that they also serve a communicative purpose. Actually, rats emit the highest rates of 50-kHz calls typically during social interactions, like reproductive behavior, juvenile play and tickling. Furthermore, it was recently shown that rats emit 50-kHz calls after separation from conspecifics. The aim of the present study was to test the communicative value of such 50-kHz calls. In a first experiment, conducted in juvenile rats situated singly on a radial maze apparatus, we showed that 50-kHz calls can induce behavioral activation and approach responses, which were selective to 50-kHz signals, since presentation of 22-kHz calls, considered to be aversive or threat signals, led to behavioral inhibition. In two other experiments, we used either natural 50-kHz calls, which had been previously recorded from other rats, or artificial sine wave stimuli, which were identical to these calls with respect to peak frequency, call length and temporal appearance. These signals were presented to either juvenile (Exp. 2) or adult (Exp. 3) male rats. Our data clearly show that 50-kHz signals can induce approach behavior, an effect, which was more pronounced in juvenile rats and which was not selective to natural calls, especially in adult rats. The recipient rats also emitted some 50-kHz calls in response to call presentation, but this effect was observed only in adult subjects. Together, our data show that 50-kHz calls can serve communicative purposes, namely as a social signal, which increases the likelihood of approach in the recipient conspecific.
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