Factors Associated With the Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross-sectional National Study.
Factors Associated With the Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross-sectional National Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/37203
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发表时间：
2022-11-14
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Dixon, Brian E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasting, Monica L.;Macy, Jonathan T.;Grannis, Shaun J.;Wiensch, Ashley J.;Ferres, Juan M. Lavista;Dixon, Brian E.
关键词：
COVID-19大流行是一场前所未有的公共卫生危机，疫苗是预防这种疾病严重后果的最有效手段。尽管有压倒性的科学证据证明疫苗的安全性和有效性，但美国成年人仍然对疫苗犹豫不决。本研究的目的是使用健康信念模型 (HBM) 和合理行动方法 (RAA) 通过比较已经接种过 1 种疫苗的人与未接种疫苗的人来检查 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫情况。本研究调查了 1643 名美国成年人在 2021 年 2 月至 3 月期间完成的一项在线调查，这些因素与疫苗接种和意愿相关。调查项目包括人口统计变量（例如，年龄、性别、政治意识形态）、态度和健康信念变量（例如，感知自我效能、感知易感性）。分层逻辑回归分析用于疫苗的吸收/意图。第一个模型包括人口统计变量。第二个模型添加了基于理论的因素，以检验健康信念和疫苗接种之间的关联，而不仅仅是仅用人口特征解释的关联。大多数参与者是男性（n=974，59.3%）、白人（n=1347，82.0%）和非西班牙裔（n=1518，92.4%），并报告说他们已经接种了 COVID-19 疫苗，或者在疫苗接种后肯定会接种（n=1306，79.5%）。与疫苗接种/意图显着相关的人口统计学变量包括年龄（调整后优势比[AOR] 1.05，95% CI 1.04-1.06）、其他种族（AOR 0.47，95% CI 0.27-0.83 vs 白人）和政治意识形态（AOR 15.77，95% CI 7.03-35.35 非常自由派与非常保守派）。与摄取/意图最密切相关的基于理论的因素是态度（AOR 3.72，95% CI 2.42-5.73）、自我效能（AOR 1.75，95% CI 1.34-2.29）和对副作用的担忧（AOR 0.59，95% CI 0.46-0.76）。尽管种族和政治意识形态在人口特征模型中很重要，但在控制态度和信仰时并不重要。疫苗接种是对抗 COVID-19 大流行以及未来可能发生的其他流行病的最佳工具之一。这项研究表明，年龄较大、态度、禁令性规范、描述性规范和自我效能与疫苗的接种和意愿呈正相关，而感知到的副作用和对疫苗缺乏信任则与较低的接种和意愿相关。当考虑态度和信仰时，种族和政治意识形态并不是重要的预测因素。在解决疫苗犹豫问题之前，研究人员和临床医生必须了解疫苗犹豫的基础，以及哪些人群可能对疫苗接种表现出更高的犹豫，以便干预措施能够充分有针对性。
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis, and vaccines are the most effective means of preventing severe consequences of this disease. Hesitancy regarding vaccines persists among adults in the United States, despite overwhelming scientific evidence of safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) and reasoned action approach (RAA) to examine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by comparing those who had already received 1 vaccine to those who had received none. This study examined demographic and theory-based factors associated with vaccine uptake and intention among 1643 adults in the United States who completed an online survey during February and March 2021. Survey items included demographic variables (eg, age, sex, political ideology), attitudes, and health belief variables (eg, perceived self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used for vaccine uptake/intent. The first model included demographic variables. The second model added theory-based factors to examine the association of health beliefs and vaccine uptake above and beyond the associations explained by demographic characteristics alone. The majority of participants were male (n=974, 59.3%), White (n=1347, 82.0%), and non-Hispanic (n=1518, 92.4%) and reported they had already received a COVID-19 vaccine or definitely would when it was available to them (n=1306, 79.5%). Demographic variables significantly associated with vaccine uptake/intent included age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), other race (AOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.83 vs White), and political ideology (AOR 15.77, 95% CI 7.03-35.35 very liberal vs very conservative). The theory-based factors most strongly associated with uptake/intention were attitudes (AOR 3.72, 95% CI 2.42-5.73), self-efficacy (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.34-2.29), and concerns about side effects (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.76). Although race and political ideology were significant in the model of demographic characteristics, they were not significant when controlling for attitudes and beliefs. Vaccination represents one of the best tools to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other possible pandemics in the future. This study showed that older age, attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy are positively associated with vaccine uptake and intent, whereas perceived side effects and lack of trust in the vaccine are associated with lower uptake and intent. Race and political ideology were not significant predictors when attitudes and beliefs were considered. Before vaccine hesitancy can be addressed, researchers and clinicians must understand the basis of vaccine hesitancy and which populations may show higher hesitancy to the vaccination so that interventions can be adequately targeted.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Khubchandani J;Sharma S;Price JH;Wiblishauser MJ;Sharma M;Webb FJ
通讯作者：
Webb FJ
对理解健康行为的理性行动方法（RAA）的荟萃分析。
DOI：
10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4
发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
McEachan R;Taylor N;Harrison R;Lawton R;Gardner P;Conner M
通讯作者：
Conner M
影响因子：
9
作者：
Head KJ;Kasting ML;Sturm LA;Hartsock JA;Zimet GD
通讯作者：
Zimet GD
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Donadiki, E. M.;Jimenez-Garcia, R.;Velonakis, E. G.
通讯作者：
Velonakis, E. G.
影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Kasting, Monica L.;Cox, Anthony D.;Zimet, Gregory D.
通讯作者：
Zimet, Gregory D.