Does depth of processing affect temporal contiguity?
Does depth of processing affect temporal contiguity?
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-022-02112-1
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Healey, M. Karl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mundorf, Abigail M. D.;Uitvlugt, Mitchell G.;Healey, M. Karl
当项目被处理为它们的意义（深处理）而不是它们的感知特征（浅处理）时，记忆往往会更好。这种加工水平（LOP）效应被很好地复制，并已应用于许多环境中，但所涉及的机制仍然没有很好地理解。时间邻近效应（TCE），即回忆一个事件往往会触发回忆在时间上邻近的另一个事件，也预测记忆表现。这种效应引起了几种相互竞争的理论，它们具有与项目如何处理有关的特定邻接产生机制。因此，研究LOP和TCE如何相互作用可能有助于阐明这两种效应的机制。然而，目前还不清楚LOP和TCE是如何相互作用的，各种理论做出了不同的预测。在这项预先注册的研究中，我们测试了三种理论解释的预测：假设时间信息自动编码的帐户，基于项目和订单信息之间的权衡的帐户，以及强调战略控制过程的重要性的帐户。参与者完成了一个即时自由回忆任务，他们要么从事深加工，浅加工，或没有额外的任务，而学习每个单词。回忆和TCE是最高的无任务列表和更大的深度比浅处理。我们的研究结果支持的理论，假设时间协会自动编码和那些强调战略控制过程。这两种观点在理论发展中都应该得到考虑。这些发现还表明，时间信息可能有助于更好地回忆下更深的处理与影响，以确定哪些情况下受益于深加工。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.3758/s13423-022-02112-1获得。
Memory tends to be better when items are processed for their meaning (deep processing) rather than their perceptual features (shallow processing). This levels of processing (LOP) effect is well-replicated and has been applied in many settings, but the mechanisms involved are still not well understood. The temporal contiguity effect (TCE), the finding that recalling one event often triggers recall of another event experienced nearby in time, also predicts memory performance. This effect has given rise to several competing theories with specific contiguity-generating mechanisms related to how items are processed. Therefore, studying how LOP and the TCE interact may shed light on the mechanisms underlying both effects. However, it is unknown how LOP and the TCE interact—various theories make differing predictions. In this preregistered study, we tested predictions of three theoretical explanations: accounts which assume temporal information is automatically encoded, accounts based on a trade-off between item and order information, and accounts which emphasize the importance of strategic control processes. Participants completed an immediate free recall task where they either engaged in deep processing, shallow processing, or no additional task while studying each word. Recall and the TCE were highest for no-task lists and greater for deep than shallow processing. Our results support theories which assume temporal associations are automatically encoded and those which emphasize strategic control processes. Both perspectives should be considered in theory development. These findings also suggest temporal information may contribute to better recall under deeper processing with implications for determining which situations benefit from deep processing. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13423-022-02112-1.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8279.1978.tb03013.x
发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
BIGGS, JB
通讯作者：
BIGGS, JB
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bouffard, Nichole;Stokes, Jared;Ekstrom, Arne D.
通讯作者：
Ekstrom, Arne D.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Engelkamp, J;Zimmer, HD
通讯作者：
Zimmer, HD
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Healey, M. Karl;Kahana, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Kahana, Michael J.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Healey, M. Karl
通讯作者：
Healey, M. Karl