Mucin glycan foraging in the human gut microbiome.
Mucin glycan foraging in the human gut microbiome.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2015.00081
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Juge N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tailford LE;Crost EH;Kavanaugh D;Juge N
宿主和饮食碳水化合物在胃肠道（GI）中的可用性在塑造微生物群的结构-功能中起着关键作用。特别是，一些肠道细菌有能力利用覆盖胃肠道的粘液层提供的聚糖为食。粘蛋白中存在的O-聚糖结构多样且复杂，主要由含有α-和β-连接的N-乙酰基-半乳糖胺、半乳糖和N-乙酰基-葡糖胺的核心1-4粘蛋白型O-聚糖组成。这些核心结构被进一步拉长，并经常分别通过α 1，2/3/4和α 2，3/6键被岩藻糖和唾液酸糖残基修饰。代谢这些粘蛋白O-连接寡糖的能力可能是决定哪些细菌物种在粘膜表面定殖的关键因素。由于它们接近免疫系统，粘蛋白降解细菌处于影响宿主反应的主要位置。然而，尽管越来越多的细菌基因组序列可从粘蛋白降解，我们的知识粘蛋白降解肠道细菌的结构要求仍然支离破碎。这在很大程度上是由于功能性表征的酶数量有限，并且缺乏将这些酶的特异性与菌株降解和利用粘蛋白和粘蛋白聚糖的能力相关联的研究。本文重点介绍了最近的发现，阐明了粘蛋白降解细菌利用宿主聚糖、适应粘膜环境并影响人类健康的分子策略。
The availability of host and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in shaping the structure-function of the microbiota. In particular, some gut bacteria have the ability to forage on glycans provided by the mucus layer covering the GI tract. The O-glycan structures present in mucin are diverse and complex, consisting predominantly of core 1-4 mucin-type O-glycans containing α- and β- linked N-acetyl-galactosamine, galactose and N-acetyl-glucosamine. These core structures are further elongated and frequently modified by fucose and sialic acid sugar residues via α1,2/3/4 and α2,3/6 linkages, respectively. The ability to metabolize these mucin O-linked oligosaccharides is likely to be a key factor in determining which bacterial species colonize the mucosal surface. Due to their proximity to the immune system, mucin-degrading bacteria are in a prime location to influence the host response. However, despite the growing number of bacterial genome sequences available from mucin degraders, our knowledge on the structural requirements for mucin degradation by gut bacteria remains fragmented. This is largely due to the limited number of functionally characterized enzymes and the lack of studies correlating the specificity of these enzymes with the ability of the strain to degrade and utilize mucin and mucin glycans. This review focuses on recent findings unraveling the molecular strategies used by mucin-degrading bacteria to utilize host glycans, adapt to the mucosal environment, and influence human health.
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