Natural and derivative brevetoxins: historical background, multiplicity, and effects.
Natural and derivative brevetoxins: historical background, multiplicity, and effects.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7499
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发表时间：
2005-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Naar J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baden DG;Bourdelais AJ;Jacocks H;Michelliza S;Naar J
长期以来，与吸入毒性一致的症状一直与佛罗里达赤潮有关，并提出了各种病因。自1981年以来，研究一直集中在一组天然存在的被称为短梭菌毒素的环聚醚化合物上，这种化合物是由一种被称为短梭菌的海洋鞭毛藻产生的。已经从培养物和自然爆发事件中发现了许多单独的短毒素。通过对天然毒素进行化学修饰而产生的短叶草毒素衍生物的光谱，研究了官能团修饰对其生理活性的影响。草毒素的天然和合成衍生物的某些结构特征似乎将特定的生理后果归因于每种毒素。许多天然毒素及其衍生物的不同生理效应已被记录在案，这加强了毒素结构的代谢或修饰调节特定毒性（以每毫克为基础的致死率）和潜在的分子作用机制的假设。一系列天然存在的融合环聚醚化合物，其环数少于短草毒素，被称为短草毒素，在神经元和肺模型系统中表现出拮抗特性并抵消短草毒素的作用。综上所述，佛罗里达赤潮的吸入毒性似乎取决于每种毒素的含量，以及每种毒素引发的分子活性谱。花中的毒性随着花的量的减少而降低。
Symptoms consistent with inhalation toxicity have long been associated with Florida red tides, and various causal agents have been proposed. Research since 1981 has centered on a group of naturally occurring trans-fused cyclic polyether compounds called brevetoxins that are produced by a marine dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis. Numerous individual brevetoxins have been identified from cultures as well as from natural bloom events. A spectrum of brevetoxin derivatives produced by chemical modification of the natural toxins has been prepared to examine the effects of functional group modification on physiologic activity. Certain structural features of natural and synthetic derivatives of brevetoxin appear to ascribe specific physiologic consequences to each toxin. Differential physiologic effects have been documented with many of the natural toxins and derivatives, reinforcing the hypothesis that metabolism or modification of toxin structures modulates both the specific toxicity (lethality on a per milligram basis) and potentially the molecular mechanism(s) of action. A series of naturally occurring fused-ring polyether compounds with fewer rings than brevetoxin, known as brevenals, exhibit antagonistic properties and counteract the effects of the brevetoxins in neuronal and pulmonary model systems. Taken together, the inhalation toxicity of Florida red tides would appear to depend on the amount of each toxin present, as well as on the spectrum of molecular activities elicited by each toxin. Toxicity in a bloom is diminished by the amount brevenal present.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Nicolaou, KC;Yang, Z;Gärtner, P
通讯作者：
Gärtner, P
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Fleming, LE;Kirkpatrick, B;Baden, DG
通讯作者：
Baden, DG
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
BADEN, DG;MENDE, TJ;SCHULTZ, DR
通讯作者：
SCHULTZ, DR
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Cheng YS;Zhou Y;Irvin CM;Pierce RH;Naar J;Backer LC;Fleming LE;Kirkpatrick B;Baden DG
通讯作者：
Baden DG
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Bourdelais, AJ;Jacocks, HM;Baden, DG
通讯作者：
Baden, DG