Connectivity of tiger (Panthera tigris) populations in the human-influenced forest mosaic of Central India.
Connectivity of tiger (Panthera tigris) populations in the human-influenced forest mosaic of Central India.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0077980
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ramakrishnan U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joshi A;Vaidyanathan S;Mondol S;Edgaonkar A;Ramakrishnan U
今天，大多数野生老虎生活在印度次大陆人类主导的景观中狭小、与世隔绝的保护区内。老虎未来的生存取决于当地种群规模的增加，以及保持种群之间的联系。虽然在增加老虎种群数量方面投入了大量的保护工作，但很少有倡议将重点放在景观层面的连通性上，以及了解不同的景观元素对维持连通性的影响。我们结合了基于个体的遗传和景观生态学的方法，在六个保护区解决了这个问题，这些保护区的老虎密度和中印度虎景观中的隔离程度各不相同。我们从这片景观内不同保护区的55只老虎进行了非侵入性采样。最大似然法和贝叶斯遗传分配测试表明，老虎在保护区之间远距离扩散(约650公里)。进一步的地理空间分析表明，老虎连通性受人类住区、道路密度和宿主种群老虎密度等景观要素的影响，但不受种群间距离的影响。我们的结果阐明了保护区外和保护区之间景观和栖息地生存能力的重要性，并提供了一种量化方法来测试老虎走廊的功能。我们建议未来的管理策略旨在最大限度地减少保护区之间的城市扩张，以最大限度地提高老虎的连通性。在正在进行的城市化和维持当前经济增长的需要下实现这一目标，对剩余的老虎栖息地构成巨大压力，并成为保护印度次大陆野生老虎的一大挑战。
Today, most wild tigers live in small, isolated Protected Areas within human dominated landscapes in the Indian subcontinent. Future survival of tigers depends on increasing local population size, as well as maintaining connectivity between populations. While significant conservation effort has been invested in increasing tiger population size, few initiatives have focused on landscape-level connectivity and on understanding the effect different landscape elements have on maintaining connectivity. We combined individual-based genetic and landscape ecology approaches to address this issue in six protected areas with varying tiger densities and separation in the Central Indian tiger landscape. We non-invasively sampled 55 tigers from different protected areas within this landscape. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian genetic assignment tests indicate long-range tiger dispersal (on the order of 650 km) between protected areas. Further geo-spatial analyses revealed that tiger connectivity was affected by landscape elements such as human settlements, road density and host-population tiger density, but not by distance between populations. Our results elucidate the importance of landscape and habitat viability outside and between protected areas and provide a quantitative approach to test functionality of tiger corridors. We suggest future management strategies aim to minimize urban expansion between protected areas to maximize tiger connectivity. Achieving this goal in the context of ongoing urbanization and need to sustain current economic growth exerts enormous pressure on the remaining tiger habitats and emerges as a big challenge to conserve wild tigers in the Indian subcontinent.
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