Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment.
Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.5930
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发表时间：
2003-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Gavett SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGee JK;Chen LC;Cohen MD;Chee GR;Prophete CM;Haykal-Coates N;Wasson SJ;Conner TL;Costa DL;Gavett SH
2001 年 9 月 11 日世界贸易中心 (WTC) 遭受灾难性破坏，导致大量空气污染物释放到当地环境中。为了评估可能对该地区工人和居民的健康产生不利影响的细颗粒物（质量中值空气动力学直径 < 2.5 微米的颗粒物 (PM2.5)）的毒性，我们于 2001 年 9 月 12 日至 13 日从距归零地半英里范围内的地点收集了掉落的灰尘样本。对世贸中心粉尘样本进行筛分、雾化和尺寸分离，并通过过滤器分离 PM2.5 部分。在这里，我们报告了从这些样品中提取的 PM2.5 的化学和物理特性，并将其与三种参考材料的 PM2.5 分数进行比较，这三种参考材料的毒性范围从相对惰性到剧毒（圣海伦斯山 PM、华盛顿特区、环境空气 PM 和残油飞灰）。非常粗筛分的 WTC PM（< 53 微米）的 X 射线衍射确定硫酸钙（石膏）和碳酸钙（方解石）为主要成分。扫描电子显微镜证实 WTC PM2.5 组分中也存在钙硫和钙碳颗粒。使用 X 射线荧光、中子活化分析和电感耦合等离子体光谱法对 WTC PM2.5 进行的分析表明，钙（范围为 22-33%）和硫（硫酸盐为 37-43%）含量较高，而过渡金属和其他元素的含量则低得多。 WTC PM2.5 的水提取物呈碱性（pH 范围为 8.9-10.0），没有明显细菌污染的证据。碳含量相对较低，这表明在塔毁坏后立即回收的这些样品中，燃烧产生的颗粒并未形成很大一部分。由于已知石膏和方解石会刺激眼睛和呼吸道的粘膜，因此吸入高剂量的 WTC PM2.5 可能会导致有毒的呼吸系统影响。
The catastrophic destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 caused the release of high levels of airborne pollutants into the local environment. To assess the toxicity of fine particulate matter [particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM2.5)], which may adversely affect the health of workers and residents in the area, we collected fallen dust samples on 12 and 13 September 2001 from sites within a half-mile of Ground Zero. Samples of WTC dust were sieved, aerosolized, and size-separated, and the PM2.5 fraction was isolated on filters. Here we report the chemical and physical properties of PM2.5 derived from these samples and compare them with PM2.5 fractions of three reference materials that range in toxicity from relatively inert to acutely toxic (Mt. St. Helens PM; Washington, DC, ambient air PM; and residual oil fly ash). X-ray diffraction of very coarse sieved WTC PM (< 53 microm) identified calcium sulfate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate (calcite) as major components. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that calcium-sulfur and calcium-carbon particles were also present in the WTC PM2.5 fraction. Analysis of WTC PM2.5 using X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry showed high levels of calcium (range, 22-33%) and sulfur (37-43% as sulfate) and much lower levels of transition metals and other elements. Aqueous extracts of WTC PM2.5 were basic (pH range, 8.9-10.0) and had no evidence of significant bacterial contamination. Levels of carbon were relatively low, suggesting that combustion-derived particles did not form a significant fraction of these samples recovered in the immediate aftermath of the destruction of the towers. Because gypsum and calcite are known to cause irritation of the mucus membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, inhalation of high doses of WTC PM2.5 could potentially cause toxic respiratory effects.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lioy PJ;Weisel CP;Millette JR;Eisenreich S;Vallero D;Offenberg J;Buckley B;Turpin B;Zhong M;Cohen MD;Prophete C;Yang I;Stiles R;Chee G;Johnson W;Porcja R;Alimokhtari S;Hale RC;Weschler C;Chen LC
通讯作者：
Chen LC
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Kodavanti, UP;Hauser, R;Costa, DL
通讯作者：
Costa, DL
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Mamane, Y;Willis, R;Conner, T
通讯作者：
Conner, T
DOI：
10.1080/03067319608028327
发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Biran, R;Tang, YZ;Keeler, GJ
通讯作者：
Keeler, GJ
DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9901053
发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Gavett, SH;Madison, SL;Costa, DL
通讯作者：
Costa, DL