Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust: a literature review.
Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust: a literature review.
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2009.21
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
柴油废气(DE)被归类为可能的人类致癌物质。目的是描述柴油发动机的主要职业用途，并概述已出版文献中报告的个人DE暴露水平和暴露的决定因素。代表个人DE暴露的测量方法是从下列介质的文献中提取的：元素碳(EC)、颗粒物(PM)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NO)和二氧化氮(NO2)。摘录了关于暴露的决定因素的信息。总共提取了3528个EC、4166个PM、581个CO、322个NO和1404个NO2。在10,001项测量中，32%的人接触公路车辆，68%的人接触非公路车辆(30%是采矿，15%是铁路，22%是其他)。据报告，使用重型设备的封闭式地下工作场所的污染水平最高：采矿、矿山维护和建筑(EC：27-658μg/m3)。运行较小设备的地面(半)封闭区域的中等暴露水平通常被报告为：商店中的机械师、消防局的急救人员、码头的分配人员以及渡轮内的装卸工人(一般为EC<；50μg/m3)。据报告，与污染源隔开的封闭区域，如司机和火车乘务人员，或室外区域，如露天采矿、停车场管理员、车辆测试员、公用事业服务人员、地面建筑和航空公司地勤人员，报告的污染水平最低(EC<；25μg/m~3)。其他代理人也表现出类似的模式。报告的封闭情况下暴露的决定因素是处理设备后的通风和排气。报告的DE暴露量最高的是地下采矿和建筑，中等水平的是在地面(半)封闭区域工作，最低的是室外工作或与污染源分离。所提供的数据可作为评估以人口为基础的流行病学研究中的职业暴露的基础，并指导今后工业卫生和流行病学研究的暴露评估工作。
Diesel exhaust (DE) is classified as a probable human carcinogen. Aims were to describe the major occupational uses of diesel engines and give an overview of personal DE exposure levels and determinants of exposure as reported in the published literature. Measurements representative of personal DE exposure were abstracted from the literature for the following agents: elemental carbon (EC), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Information on determinants of exposure was abstracted. In total, 3528 EC, 4166 PM, 581 CO, 322 NO, and 1404 NO2 measurements were abstracted. From the 10,001 measurements, 32% represented exposure from on-road vehicles, and 68% from off-road vehicles (30% mining, 15% railroad, and 22% other). Highest levels were reported for enclosed underground work sites where heavy equipment is used: mining, mine maintenance, and construction, (EC: 27-658 μg/m3). Intermediate exposure levels were generally reported for above ground (semi-)enclosed areas where smaller equipment was run: mechanics in a shop, emergency workers in fire stations, distribution workers at a dock, and workers loading/unloading inside a ferry (generally: EC< 50 μg/m3). Lowest levels were reported for enclosed areas separated from the source such as drivers and train crew, or outside such as surface mining, parking attendants, vehicle testers, utility service workers, surface construction and airline ground personnel (EC<25 μg/m3). The other agents showed a similar pattern. Determinants of exposure reported for enclosed situations were ventilation and exhaust after treatment devices. Reported DE exposure levels were highest for underground mining and construction, intermediate for working in above ground (semi-)enclosed areas and lowest for working outside or separated from the source. The presented data can be used as a basis for assessing occupational exposure in population-based epidemiological studies and guide future exposure assessment efforts for industrial hygiene and epidemiological studies.
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影响因子：
24.3
作者：
Ädelroth, E;Hedlund, U;Järvholm, B
通讯作者：
Järvholm, B
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Burgess, Jefferey L.;Fleming, Joy E.;Miller, Hugh B.
通讯作者：
Miller, Hugh B.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Groves, J;Cain, JR
通讯作者：
Cain, JR
DOI：
10.1080/15428110208984753
发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
AIHA JOURNAL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cohen, HJ;Borak, J;Chemerynski, S
通讯作者：
Chemerynski, S
DOI：
10.1007/s00420-007-0194-z
发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Dahmann, Dirk;Monz, Christian;Soenksen, Heinrich
通讯作者：
Soenksen, Heinrich