Predicting virus emergence amid evolutionary noise.

Predicting virus emergence amid evolutionary noise.
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DOI:
10.1098/rsob.170189
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发表时间:
2017-10
期刊:
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Holmes EC
Holmes EC
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Geoghegan JL;Holmes EC

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病毒病发生的研究,是否可以预测,如何预防,已成为生物医学领域的一个重要研究课题。在这里,我们表明,预测疾病出现的努力通常将从根本上不同的进化和流行病学时间尺度混为一谈,而且很可能失败,因为可以想象在人类体内可能出现大量未采样的病毒。尽管我们对家庭规模的系统发育树所描绘的病毒在进化时间尺度上的进化模式和过程知道得很多,但这些数据几乎没有预测能力来揭示支撑跨物种传播和涌现的短期微进化过程。因此,真正了解疾病的出现需要对允许或阻止病毒在新宿主中传播的因素有一个新的机械和综合的观点。我们提出了这样的观点,认为病毒出现的生态和遗传方面都可以放在一个简单的种群遗传框架内,这反过来又突显了宿主种群规模和密度在决定病毒出现是否成功方面的重要性。尽管有这一框架,我们得出的结论是,预防和遏制新疾病成功出现的更实际的解决办法是在人-动物界面和生态干扰地区进行持续的病毒学监测。
The study of virus disease emergence, whether it can be predicted and how it might be prevented, has become a major research topic in biomedicine. Here we show that efforts to predict disease emergence commonly conflate fundamentally different evolutionary and epidemiological time scales, and are likely to fail because of the enormous number of unsampled viruses that could conceivably emerge in humans. Although we know much about the patterns and processes of virus evolution on evolutionary time scales as depicted in family-scale phylogenetic trees, these data have little predictive power to reveal the short-term microevolutionary processes that underpin cross-species transmission and emergence. Truly understanding disease emergence therefore requires a new mechanistic and integrated view of the factors that allow or prevent viruses spreading in novel hosts. We present such a view, suggesting that both ecological and genetic aspects of virus emergence can be placed within a simple population genetic framework, which in turn highlights the importance of host population size and density in determining whether emergence will be successful. Despite this framework, we conclude that a more practical solution to preventing and containing the successful emergence of new diseases entails ongoing virological surveillance at the human–animal interface and regions of ecological disturbance.
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