Dispositional mindfulness in daily life: A naturalistic observation study.
Dispositional mindfulness in daily life: A naturalistic observation study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0206029
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mehl MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaplan DM;Raison CL;Milek A;Tackman AM;Pace TWW;Mehl MR
正念作为一种科学概念已经有了非凡的发展，但令人惊讶的是，人们对它在日常生活中如何表现出行为却知之甚少。本研究确定了关于正念如何与行为相关的假设，并将它们与日常生活中特质正念的实际行为表现进行了对比。研究1(N=427)表明，正念被认为与情绪积极、高质量的社会互动、亲社会取向和对感官知觉的关注有关。在研究2中，185名参与者完成了黄金标准的自我报告正念测量(FFMQ)，并接受了自然观察抽样，以评估他们的日常行为。特质正念与对话中高度的知觉集中密切相关。然而，它与情绪积极的行为和言语标记物、高质量的社会互动或亲社会取向无关。这些发现表明，日常生活中主观和自我报告的留心体验主要是通过敏锐的知觉注意力来表达的，而不是通过其他行为或社会差异。这凸显了建立生态模型的必要性，说明正念如何在日常生活中“发挥作用”，并引发了有关正念测量的问题。
Mindfulness has seen an extraordinary rise as a scientific construct, yet surprisingly little is known about how it manifests behaviorally in daily life. The present study identifies assumptions regarding how mindfulness relates to behavior and contrasts them against actual behavioral manifestations of trait mindfulness in daily life. Study 1 (N = 427) shows that mindfulness is assumed to relate to emotional positivity, quality social interactions, prosocial orientation and attention to sensory perceptions. In Study 2, 185 participants completed a gold-standard, self-reported mindfulness measure (the FFMQ) and underwent naturalistic observation sampling to assess their daily behaviors. Trait mindfulness was robustly related to a heightened perceptual focus in conversations. However, it was not related to behavioral and speech markers of emotional positivity, quality social interactions, or prosocial orientation. These findings suggest that the subjective and self-reported experience of being mindful in daily life is expressed primarily through sharpened perceptual attention, rather than through other behavioral or social differences. This highlights the need for ecological models of how dispositional mindfulness “works” in daily life, and raises questions about the measurement of mindfulness.
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