Intraspecies variability and conopeptide profiling of the injected venom of Conus ermineus.
Intraspecies variability and conopeptide profiling of the injected venom of Conus ermineus.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.014
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Marí F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rivera-Ortiz JA;Cano H;Marí F
锥螺的毒液（ssp.芋螺属（Conus）是一种捕食性软体动物，是生物活性肽的巨大来源。芋螺毒液的表达很复杂，毒液的组成可能会因提取方法和所讨论的锥形蜗牛的种类而有很大差异。注射毒液从圆锥形ermineus，唯一的鱼类狩猎锥蜗牛物种，居住在大西洋，其特征在于使用nanoNMR光谱，MALDI-TOF质谱，RP-HPLC和nanoLC-ESI-MS。这些方法使我们能够评估该物种内的毒液的变异性。C. Ermineus显示注射的毒液质谱和HPLC曲线随时间变化不变。然而，有显着的变异性注射毒液的成分从标本到标本，尽管它们共同的speographic起源。使用nanoLC-ESI-MS，我们确定了超过800种独特的芋螺肽由这组简化的C表达。蚯蚓标本。这个数字是相当大的比以前的估计分子库提供给锥螺捕食。这些结果支持的想法，存在一个复杂的调节机制，以表达特定的毒液肽注射到猎物。这些种内差异可能是遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果。毒液成分的差异表达代表了值得进一步研究的神经化学范式。
The venom of cone snails (ssp. Conus), a genus of predatory mollusks, is a vast source of bioactive peptides. Conus venom expression is complex, and venom composition can vary considerably depending upon the method of extraction and the species of cone snail in question. The injected venom from Conus ermineus, the only fish-hunting cone snail species that inhabits the Atlantic Ocean, was characterized using nanoNMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC and nanoLC–ESI-MS. These methods allowed us to evaluate the variability of the venom within this species. Single specimens of C. ermineus show unchanged injected venom mass spectra and HPLC profiles over time. However, there was significant variability of the injected venom composition from specimen to specimen, in spite of their common biogeographic origin. Using nanoLC–ESI-MS, we determined that over 800 unique conopeptides are expressed by this reduced set of C. ermineus specimens. This number is considerably larger than previous estimates of the molecular repertoire available to cone snails to immobilize prey. These results support the idea of the existence of a complex regulatory mechanism to express specific venom peptides for injection into prey. These intraspecies differences can be a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The differential expression of venom components represents a neurochemical paradigm that warrants further investigation.
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