Functional imaging studies: linking mind and basic neuroscience.

Functional imaging studies: linking mind and basic neuroscience.
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功能成像研究:连接心灵和基础神经科学。

DOI:
10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.11
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发表时间:
2001
期刊:
The American journal of psychiatry.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shulman,RG
Shulman,RG
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shulman,RG

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目的正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和功能磁共振成像在精神病学中占有重要地位。功能成像信号源于血流介导的葡萄糖和氧气消耗的神经生理参数的变化。方法最近的活体13C核磁共振(NMR)神经化学研究在大鼠和人类的葡萄糖氧化速率和谷氨酸神经递质流量之间建立了定量耦合,从而将测量的神经生理参数与脑功能联系起来。结果显示,在清醒、休息和非刺激状态下,70%-80%的大脑能量消耗用于相同的谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺神经递质信号,而任务刺激的小部分也是如此。此外,在非刺激活动减少的麻醉动物中,反应需要总信号,而不是特定的增加。结论在此基础上,总信号以及信号的差异,测量皮质神经递质流量。因此,一个区域的总信号包含有关所需大脑活动的有价值的信息。虽然信号变化通常更容易测量,但某些PET和13C核磁共振方法可以量化总的区域信号活性,从而提供另一种神经递质活性的测量方法。
OBJECTIVEThe imaging of brain activity with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging has assumed a central position in psychiatry. Functional imaging signals arise from changes in the neurophysiological parameters of glucose and oxygen consumption mediated by blood flow.METHODRecent in vivo13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) neurochemical studies have established a quantitative coupling between the rates of glucose oxidation and glutamate neurotransmitter flux in rats and humans, thereby linking measured neurophysiological parameters to brain function.RESULTSThese results show that in the awake, resting, and unstimulated states, 70%–80% of brain energy consumption is devoted to the same glutamate/glutamine neurotransmitter signaling as are the small percentages stimulated by tasks. Furthermore, in anesthetized animals, in which unstimulated activity is reduced, the total signal rather than a particular increment is required for a response.CONCLUSIONSOn this basis, the total signal, as well as the difference in the signal, measures cortical neurotransmitter flux. The total signal in a region therefore contains valuable information about required brain activity. Although signal change is often more easily measured, certain PET and13C NMR methods can quantify total regional signal activity and thereby provide another measure of neurotransmitter activity.
认知减法可能不会相加:语义处理和响应模式之间的相互作用
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作者:
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