Sensitivity to Sunk Costs Depends on Attention to the Delay.
Sensitivity to Sunk Costs Depends on Attention to the Delay.
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对沉没成本的敏感度取决于对延迟的关注。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.604843
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Redish AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazinka R;MacDonald AW 3rd;Redish AD
在网络冲浪任务中，人类在有时间限制的任务中，以等待时间为代价搜索视频。该任务的一个变体通过操纵等待时间内的需求，揭示了注意力在沉没成本易感性中的作用。与啮齿动物的类似任务一致，先前的研究发现，人类（在实验室中测量的大学生）更喜欢较短的延迟，但会为更喜欢的视频等待更长时间，这表明他们在经济地对待延迟。在亚马逊土耳其机器人（mTurk）样本中，我们在大多数参与者身上重现了这些预测的经济行为。在实验室中，参与者在这项任务中表现出对沉没成本的敏感性，他们的决策部分基于已经等待的时间，我们在表现出经济行为的mTurk样本子集中也观察到了这一点。在该任务的另一个版本中，我们在延迟的等待阶段增加了一个注意力检查。虽然该注意力检查进一步增加了具有预测经济行为的受试者比例，但也消除了对沉没成本的敏感性。这些发现对于理解认知过程（例如注意力的部署）如何对推动重新评估以及对沉没成本的敏感性至关重要具有重要意义。
In the WebSurf task, humans forage for videos paying costs in terms of wait times on a time-limited task. A variant of the task in which demands during the wait time were manipulated revealed the role of attention in susceptibility to sunk costs. Consistent with parallel tasks in rodents, previous studies have found that humans (undergraduates measured in lab) preferred shorter delays, but waited longer for more preferred videos, suggesting that they were treating the delays economically. In an Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) sample, we replicated these predicted economic behaviors for a majority of participants. In the lab, participants showed susceptibility to sunk costs in this task, basing their decisions in part on time they have already waited, which we also observed in the subset of the mTurk sample that behaved economically. In another version of the task, we added an attention check to the wait phase of the delay. While that attention check further increased the proportion of subjects with predicted economic behaviors, it also removed the susceptibility to sunk costs. These findings have important implications for understanding how cognitive processes, such as the deployment of attention, are key to driving re-evaluation and susceptibility to sunk costs.
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