Environmental pollutants and breast cancer.
Environmental pollutants and breast cancer.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6310
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发表时间：
2003-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Rudel RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brody JG;Rudel RA
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症，也是 35-54 岁女性癌症死亡的主要原因。发病率上升、移民到高风险地区的风险增加以及对个人风险的预测不佳促使人们寻找其他可改变的因素。乳腺癌的危险因素包括与雌激素和其他激素、药物激素相关的生殖特征，以及影响激素水平的饮酒和缺乏运动等活动。因此，对商业产品中的激素活性化合物和污染进行调查是当务之急。引起动物乳腺肿瘤的化合物是另外一个优先考虑的问题。动物模型可以深入了解环境污染物对乳腺癌影响的可能机制，并确定流行病学研究中目标的化学暴露。尽管针对化学品暴露进行的流行病学研究很少，但职业研究表明乳腺癌与接触某些有机溶剂和多环芳烃 (PAH) 之间存在关联。基于人群的研究仅限于少数有机氯化合物和多环芳烃，并且大多呈阴性。乳腺癌和环境研究中的各种挑战可能导致了负面结果。缺乏暴露评估工具和很少产生假设的毒理学研究限制了流行病学研究的范围。乳房脆弱性潜伏期和时期的时间问题以及易感性的个体差异也带来了其他挑战。在我们期望从乳腺癌和环境的大型流行病学研究中获得回报之前，需要在暴露评估、毒理学和敏感性方面开展大量工作。
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women 35-54 years of age. Rising incidence, increased risk among migrants to higher risk regions, and poor prediction of individual risk have prompted a search for additional modifiable factors. Risk factors for breast cancer include reproductive characteristics associated with estrogen and other hormones, pharmaceutical hormones, and activities such as alcohol use and lack of exercise that affect hormone levels. As a result, investigation of hormonally active compounds in commercial products and pollution is a priority. Compounds that cause mammary tumors in animals are additional priorities. Animal models provide insight into possible mechanisms for effects of environmental pollutants on breast cancer and identify chemical exposures to target in epidemiologic studies. Although few epidemiologic studies have been conducted for chemical exposures, occupational studies show associations between breast cancer and exposure to certain organic solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Population-based studies have been limited to a few organochlorine compounds and PAHs and have been mostly negative. A variety of challenges in studies of breast cancer and the environment may have contributed to negative findings. Lack of exposure assessment tools and few hypothesis-generating toxicologic studies limit the scope of epidemiologic studies. Issues of timing with respect to latency and periods of breast vulnerability, and individual differences in susceptibility pose other challenges. Substantial work is needed in exposure assessment, toxicology, and susceptibility before we can expect a pay-off from large epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and environment.
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影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Beral, V;Hamajima, N;Hirose, K;Rohan, T;Calle, EE;Heath, CW;Coates, RJ;Liff, JM;Talamini, R;Chantarakul, N;Koetsawang, S;Rachawat, D;Morabia, A;Schuman, L;Stewart, W;Szklo, M;Bain, C;Schofield, F;Siskind, V;Band, P;Coldman, AJ;Gallagher, RP;Hislop, TG;Yang, P;Kolonel, LM;Nomura, AMY;Hu, J;Johnson, KC;Mao, Y;De Sanjose, S;Lee, N;Marchbanks, P;Ory, HW;Peterson, HB;Wilson, HG;Wingo, PA;Ebeling, K;Kunde, D;Nishan, P;Hopper, JL;Colditz, G;Gajalakshmi, V;Martin, N;Pardthaisong, T;Solpisornkosol, S;Theetranont, C;Boosiri, B;Chutivongse, S;Jimakorn, P;Virutamasen, P;Wongsrichanalai, C;Ewertz, M;Adami, HO;Bergkvist, L;Magnusson, C;Persson, I;Chang-Claude, J;Paul, C;Skegg, DCG;Spears, GFS;Boyle, P;Evstifeeva, T;Daling, JR;Hutchinson, WB;Malone, K;Noonan, EA;Stanford, JL;Thomas, DB;Weiss, NS;White, E;Andrieu, N;Brêmond, A;Clavel, F;Gairard, B;Lansac, J;Piana, L;Renaud, R;Izquierdo, A;Viladiu, P;Cuevas, HR;Ontiveros, P;Palet, A;Salazar, SB;Arsitizabal, N;Cuadros, A;Tryggvadottir, L;Tulinius, H;Bachelot, A;Lê, MG;Peto, J;Franceschi, S;Lubin, F;Modan, B;Ron, E;Wax, Y;Friedman, GD;Hiatt, RA;Levi, F;Bishop, T;Kosmelj, K;Primic-Zakelj, M;Ravnihar, B;Stare, J;Beeson, WL;Fraser, G;Bulbrook, RD;Cuzick, J;Duffy, SW;Fentiman, IS;Hayward, JL;Wang, DY;McMichael, AJ;McPherson, K;Hanson, RL;Leske, MC;Mahoney, MC;Nasca, PC;Varma, AO;Weinstein, AL;Moller, TR;Olsson, H;Ranstam, J;Goldbohm, RA;van den Brandt, PA;Apelo, RA;Baens, J;de la Cruz, JR;Javier, B;Lacaya, LB;Ngelangel, CA;La Vecchia, C;Negri, E;Marubini, E;Ferraroni, M;Gerber, M;Richardson, S;Segala, C;Gatei, D;Kenya, P;Kungu, A;Mati, JG;Brinton, LA;Hoover, R;Schairer, C;Spirtas, R;Lee, HP;Rookus, MA;van Leeuwen, FE;Schoenberg, JA;McCredie, M;Gammon, MD;Clarke, EA;Jones, L;Neil, A;Vessey, M;Yeates, D;Appleby, P;Banks, E;Bull, D;Crossley, B;Goodill, A;Green, J;Hermon, C;Key, T;Langston, N;Lewis, C;Reeves, G;Collins, R;Doll, R;Peto, R;Mabuchi, K;Preston, D;Hannaford, P;Kay, C;Rosero-Bixby, L;Gao, YT;Jin, F;Yuan, JM;Wei, HY;Yun, T;Zhiheng, C;Berry, G;Cooper Booth, J;Jelihovsky, T;MacLennan, R;Shearman, R;Wang, QS;Baines, CJ;Miller, AB;Wall, C;Lund, E;Stalsberg, H;Shu, XO;Zheng, W;Katsouyanni, K;Trichopoulou, A;Trichopoulos, D;Dabancens, A;Martinez, L;Molina, R;Salas, O;Alexander, XE;Anderson, K;Folsom, AR;Hulka, BS;Bernstein, L;Enger, S;Haile, RW;Paganini-Hill, A;Pike, MC;Ross, RK;Ursin, G;Yu, MC;Longnecker, MP;Newcomb, P;Bergkvist, L;Kalache, A;Farley, TMM;Holck, S;Meirik, O
通讯作者：
Meirik, O
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Birnbaum LS;Fenton SE
通讯作者：
Fenton SE
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Ambrosone, CB;Freudenheim, JL;Shields, PG
通讯作者：
Shields, PG
DOI：
10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00273-x
发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Adlercreutz, H
通讯作者：
Adlercreutz, H
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Barcellos-Hoff, MH
通讯作者：
Barcellos-Hoff, MH