Effect of environment on the long-term consequences of chronic pain.
Effect of environment on the long-term consequences of chronic pain.
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DOI：
10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460347.77341.bd
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Villemure C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bushnell MC;Case LK;Ceko M;Cotton VA;Gracely JL;Low LA;Pitcher MH;Villemure C
来自疼痛患者和动物模型的许多证据表明，慢性疼痛并不存在于真空中，而是具有多种共病和深远的后果。长期疼痛的患者通常会出现焦虑和抑郁，并可能表现出认知功能的变化，特别是工作记忆。在啮齿动物模型中的纵向研究也表明，在造成长期疼痛的损伤后，焦虑样行为和认知变化会在几周到几个月内发生。疼痛患者和啮齿动物模型的脑成像研究发现，慢性疼痛与大脑的解剖和功能改变有关。然而，对人类的研究表明，生活方式的选择，如冥想或瑜伽的练习，可以减少疼痛感知，并对大脑产生与慢性疼痛相反的影响。在啮齿动物模型中，研究表明，体育活动和丰富的社会环境可以减少疼痛行为并使大脑功能正常化。总之，这些研究表明，慢性疼痛的负担可以通过非药物干预来减轻。
Much evidence from pain patients and animal models shows that chronic pain does not exist in a vacuum, but has varied co-morbidities and far-reaching consequences. Patients with long-term pain often develop anxiety and depression and can manifest changes in cognitive functioning, particularly with working memory. Longitudinal studies in rodent models also show the development of anxiety-like behavior and cognitive changes weeks to months after an injury causing long-term pain. Brain imaging studies in pain patients and rodent models find that chronic pain is associated with anatomical and functional alterations in the brain. Nevertheless, studies in humans reveal that life-style choices, such as the practice of meditation or yoga, can reduce pain perception and have the opposite effect on the brain as does chronic pain. In rodent models, studies show that physical activity and a socially enriched environment reduce pain behavior and normalize brain function. Together, these studies suggest that the burden of chronic pain can be reduced by non-pharmacological interventions.
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