Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations.

Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations.
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链接元认知和读心术:来自自闭症和双任务调查的证据。

DOI:
10.1037/xge0000878
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Carruthers P
Carruthers P
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nicholson T;Williams DM;Lind SE;Grainger C;Carruthers P

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我们如何了解自己和他人的思想,以及元认知和思维是否依赖于相同的过程,这些问题在心理学和哲学中由来已久。在实验1中,自闭症儿童/青少年(倾向于表现出弱化的注意恐惧)在外显元认知任务上的准确率显著低于神经型儿童/青少年,但在所谓的元认知内隐任务上则没有。在实验2中,神经典型成年人在单任务或双任务条件下完成这些任务,这需要同时完成一个利用注意力的次要任务。外显任务上的双注意任务显著降低了元认知的准确性,而内隐任务上的元认知准确率没有显着降低。在实验3中,我们加入了额外的双重任务,以排除任何次要任务(无论它是否需要注意)会降低元认知准确性的可能性。最后,在实验1和实验2中,外显任务上的元认知准确率与注意能力的测量成绩显著相关,而内隐任务上的元认知准确度与注意能力的表现没有显著相关。这些结果表明,外显任务(经常被用来测量人类的元认知)与思维共享元表征加工资源,而内隐任务(一些比较心理学家声称用来测量非人类动物的元认知)不共享元表征加工资源。
Questions of how we know our own and other minds, and whether metacognition and mindreading rely on the same processes, are longstanding in psychology and philosophy. In Experiment 1, children/adolescents with autism (who tend to show attenuated mindreading) showed significantly lower accuracy on an explicit metacognition task than neurotypical children/adolescents, but not on an allegedly metacognitive implicit one. In Experiment 2, neurotypical adults completed these tasks in a single-task condition or a dual-task condition that required concurrent completion of a secondary task that tapped mindreading. Metacognitive accuracy was significantly diminished by the dual-mindreading-task on the explicit task but not the implicit task. In Experiment 3, we included additional dual-tasks to rule out the possibility that any secondary task (regardless of whether it required mindreading) would diminish metacognitive accuracy. Finally, in both Experiments 1 and 2, metacognitive accuracy on the explicit task, but not the implicit task, was associated significantly with performance on a measure of mindreading ability. These results suggest that explicit metacognitive tasks (used frequently to measure metacognition in humans) share metarepresentational processing resources with mindreading, whereas implicit tasks (which are claimed by some comparative psychologists to measure metacognition in nonhuman animals) do not.
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使用贝叶斯来最大程度地利用不重要的结果。
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