A Hypothesis: Linking Phase Separation to Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation and Sex-Body Formation.
A Hypothesis: Linking Phase Separation to Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation and Sex-Body Formation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2021.674203
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Qiao H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Y;Qiao H
在减数分裂前期I，哺乳动物精母细胞的X和Y染色体仅在称为假常染色体区（PAR）的小同源区域稳定配对。然而，其余的性染色体仍然在很大程度上没有突触。广泛的不联会触发转录沉默-减数分裂性染色体失活（MSCI）。沿着MSCI形成的是一种特殊的核域--性体或XY体。在MSCT早期阶段，BRCA 1、ATR和γ H2 AX等DNA损伤反应（DDR）因子作为沉默信号的感受器和效应器发挥作用。下游典型的抑制性组蛋白修饰，包括甲基化、乙酰化、泛素化和SUMO化，负责性染色体的转录抑制。然而，性体形成的机制仍不清楚。液-液相分离（LLPS）可以驱动几种染色质亚区室的形成，如臂间异染色质、核仁、失活X染色体。尽管在性体中发现了几种参与相分离的蛋白质，但这些蛋白质何时以及是否在性体形成和MSCI中发挥作用仍然未知。在这里，我们回顾了最近发表的关于MSCI和LLPS的机制，指出了LLPS和性体形成之间的潜在联系，并讨论了其对未来研究的意义。
During meiotic prophase I, X and Y chromosomes in mammalian spermatocytes only stably pair at a small homologous region called the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). However, the rest of the sex chromosomes remain largely unsynapsed. The extensive asynapsis triggers transcriptional silencing - meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Along with MSCI, a special nuclear territory, sex body or XY body, forms. In the early steps of MSCI, DNA damage response (DDR) factors, such as BRCA1, ATR, and γH2AX, function as sensors and effectors of the silencing signals. Downstream canonical repressive histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are responsible for the transcriptional repression of the sex chromosomes. Nevertheless, mechanisms of the sex-body formation remain unclear. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) may drive the formation of several chromatin subcompartments, such as pericentric heterochromatin, nucleoli, inactive X chromosomes. Although several proteins involved in phase separation are found in the sex bodies, when and whether these proteins exert functions in the sex-body formation and MSCI is still unknown. Here, we reviewed recent publications on the mechanisms of MSCI and LLPS, pointed out the potential link between LLPS and the formation of sex bodies, and discussed its implications for future research.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Baarends, WM;Wassenaar, E;Grootegoed, JA
通讯作者：
Grootegoed, JA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1509317112
发表时间：
2015-09-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Berry, Joel;Weber, Stephanie C.;Brangwynne, Clifford P.
通讯作者：
Brangwynne, Clifford P.
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影响因子：
44.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Tong MH
影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Alavattam, Kris G.;Maezawa, So;Namekawa, Satoshi H.
通讯作者：
Namekawa, Satoshi H.
DOI：
10.1083/jcb.148.2.283
发表时间：
2000-01-24
期刊：
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Boisvert FM;Hendzel MJ;Bazett-Jones DP
通讯作者：
Bazett-Jones DP