Ontogenetic niche shift, food-web coupling, and alternative stable states
Ontogenetic niche shift, food-web coupling, and alternative stable states
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个体发生生态位转移、食物网耦合和替代稳定状态
DOI：
10.1007/s12080-010-0090-0
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Nakazawa T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nskazawa T;Tsai C;Ishida N;Kato M;Nakazawa T
最近的一些研究表明，个体发育生态位转移的食物网耦合可以产生替代稳定状态（ASS）。然而，这些研究主要考虑的情况下，青少年和成年阶段是顶级消费者。ASS发生在结构上更多样化的食物网配置的条件尚未探讨。在这项研究中，我检查的影响，食物链的长度和营养位置的青少年和成人的存在的ASS。综合模型分析表明，如果青少年和成年人都是顶级捕食者，ASS是可能的，无论他们的营养水平，因为过度补偿的繁殖和成熟，由于强大的密度依赖性，如前所述。然而，以下潜在的食物网效应被发现：ASS潜力（1）消失，如果一个或两个少年和成年人有一个捕食者和（2）再次观察到，如果另一个捕食者添加到阶段特定的捕食者。这些机制分别涉及：（1）自上而下的控制，放松阶段内的食物竞争;（2）自上而下的级联，加强阶段内的竞争。此外，它表明，ASS发生的环境条件下，以复杂的方式与耦合的食物网配置的变化。我的研究结果提供了一个新的概念，即当地社区结构的人为变化（例如，物种灭绝和入侵）通过空间传播，并可能通过改变对环境扰动的恢复能力，导致或防止大规模群落结构的状态转变。
Several recent studies have shown that food web coupling by ontogenetic niche shifts can generate alternative stable states (ASS). However, these studies mainly considered cases where juvenile and adult stages are the top level consumers. The conditions under which ASS occur in more structurally diverse food web configurations have not been explored. In this study, I examine the influence of food-chain length and the trophic positions of juveniles and adults on the existence of ASS. Comprehensive model analysis showed that if both juveniles and adults are top predators, ASS are possible irrespective of their trophic level, because of overcompensation in reproduction and maturation due to strong density dependence, as previously predicted. However, the following potential food-web effects were found: ASS potential (1) disappears if either or both the juveniles and adults have a predator and (2) is once again observed if another predator is added on the stage-specific predator. These mechanisms involve (1) top–down control that relaxes intrastage food competition and (2) top–down cascade that intensifies the intrastage competition, respectively. Furthermore, it was illustrated that the environmental conditions under which ASS occurred varied in complex ways with the coupled food-web configurations. My results provide a novel concept that anthropogenic changes in local community structure (e.g., species extinction and invasion) propagate through space and may cause or prevent regime shifts in broad-scale community structure by altering the resilience to environmental perturbations.
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