Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004.
Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004.
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DOI:
10.1001/archopht.126.8.1111
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发表时间:
2008-08
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sperduto, Robert
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vitale, Susan;Ellwein, Leon;Cotch, Mary Frances;Ferris, Frederick L., III;Sperduto, Robert
To describe the prevalence of refractive error in the United States. The 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) used an autorefractor to obtain refractive error data on a nationally representative sample of the U.S. non-institutionalized, civilian population aged ≥12 years. Using data from the eye with greater absolute spherical equivalent (SphEq) value, we defined clinically important refractive error as: hyperopia: SphEq ≥+3.0D; myopia: SphEq ≤−1.0D; and astigmatism: cylinder ≥1.0D in either eye. Of 14,213 participants aged ≥20 years who had an NHANES examination, refractive error data were obtained for 12,010 (84.5%). The age-standardized prevalences of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism were 3.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–4.0%), 33.1% (95% CI, 31.5–34.7%), and 36.2% (95% CI, 34.9–37.5%), respectively. Myopia was more prevalent in females (40%) than in males (33%; p<0.0001) among 20–39-year-olds. Persons aged ≥60 years were less likely to have myopia and more likely to have hyperopia and/or astigmatism than younger persons. Myopia was more common in non-Hispanic whites (35.2%) than in non-Hispanic blacks (28.6%; p<0.0001) or Mexican Americans (25.1%; p<0.0001). Estimates based on the 1999–2004 NHANES vision examination data indicate that clinically important refractive error affects half of the U.S. population aged ≥20 years.
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