Nucleotide polymorphism affecting FLC expression underpins heading date variation in horticultural brassicas.
Nucleotide polymorphism affecting FLC expression underpins heading date variation in horticultural brassicas.
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.13221
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dean C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Irwin JA;Soumpourou E;Lister C;Ligthart JD;Kennedy S;Dean C
开花时间的变化和对越冬的反应已经被用来培育可以全年收获的芸苔类蔬菜。我们对开花时间控制的知识现在使我们能够研究这种重要变异的分子基础。本研究表明，甘蓝抽穗日期变异的主要决定因素是开花位点C.C2 （BoFLC4）等位基因变异引起的春化反应变异。我们对BoFLC的两个等位基因进行了表征。C2既具有功能，又赋予春化的必要条件，但它们在响应寒冷时表现出不同的表达动态。拟南芥的互补实验表明，等位基因变异是由BoFLC的顺式多态性引起的。C2，定量影响冷诱导的表观遗传沉默的程度。这导致一个等位基因变异在温室和田间条件下通过降低环境敏感性而始终赋予较晚的抽穗。我们的研究结果表明，通过选择FLC上的顺式多态性，可以获得具有商业价值的抽穗日期变异的芸苔品种，类似于支撑拟南芥自然变异的顺式多态性。这一认识将有助于在不同气候条件下选择对寒冷和结实抽穗日期具有不同敏感性的等位基因，并将有助于培育更能抵抗气候变化的品种。一年四季能够收获不同品种的花椰菜是花抑制基因BoFLC.C2等位基因差异的结果。在这里，我们展示了冷暴露后BoFLC的表观遗传沉默和表达的再激活。C2是造成这种变化的关键因素。因此，园艺芸苔的驯化利用了类似于拟南芥FLC的顺式多态性，这种多态性支持了自然变异。
Variation in flowering time and response to overwintering has been exploited to breed brassica vegetables that can be harvested year‐round. Our knowledge of flowering time control now enables the investigation of the molecular basis of this important variation. Here, we show that a major determinant of heading date variation in Brassica oleracea is from variation in vernalization response through allelic variation at FLOWERING LOCUS C.C2 (BoFLC4). We characterize two alleles of BoFLC.C2 that are both functional and confer a requirement for vernalization, but they show distinct expression dynamics in response to cold. Complementation experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the allelic variation results from cis polymorphism at BoFLC.C2, which quantitatively influences the degree of cold‐induced epigenetic silencing. This results in one allelic variant conferring consistently later heading under both glasshouse and field conditions through reduced environmental sensitivity. Our results suggest that breeding of brassica varieties for commercially valuable variation in heading date has been achieved through the selection of cis polymorphism at FLC, similar to that underpinning natural variation in A. thaliana. This understanding will allow for the selection of alleles with distinct sensitivities to cold and robust heading dates under variable climatic conditions, and will facilitate the breeding of varieties more resistant to climate change. Being able to harvest different broccoli (Brassica oleracea) varieties throughout the year is a function of allelic differences at the floral repressor BoFLC.C2. Here, we show that epigenetic silencing and reactivation of expression after cold exposure of BoFLC.C2 are critical factors in this variation. Domestication in horticultural brassicas has therefore exploited similar cis polymorphism at FLC to that underpinning natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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