Decoding the selectivity of eIF2α holophosphatases and PPP1R15A inhibitors.

Decoding the selectivity of eIF2α holophosphatases and PPP1R15A inhibitors.
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DOI:
10.1038/nsmb.3443
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发表时间:
2017-09
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Bertolotti A
Bertolotti A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carrara M;Sigurdardottir A;Bertolotti A

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蛋白质的可逆磷酸化控制着大多数细胞功能。与磷酸酶不同,蛋白激酶一直是受欢迎的药物靶点,磷酸酶仍然是药物发现的挑战。Guanabenz和Sephin1是磷酸酶调控亚基PPP1R15A (R15A)的选择性抑制剂,可延长eIF2α磷酸化的益处,从而保护细胞免受蛋白抑制缺陷。在小鼠中,Sephin1可以预防两种神经退行性疾病,Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT-1B)和sod1介导的肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)。然而,R15A抑制的分子基础尚不清楚。本研究重组了重组人eIF2α全磷酸酶R15A - PP1和R15B - PP1,其活性取决于催化亚基PP1(蛋白磷酸酶1)和R15A或R15B。该系统实现了这些全磷酸酶的功能表征,并揭示了Guanabenz和Sephin1诱导R15A选择性构象变化,通过对有限蛋白水解的抗性来检测。这改变了eIF2α的募集,阻止了它的去磷酸化。这项工作证明了磷酸酶的调控亚基是有效的药物靶标,并为将这一概念扩展到其他磷酸酶提供了分子基础。
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins controls most cellular functions. Protein kinases have been popular drug targets, unlike phosphatases, which remain a drug discovery challenge. Guanabenz and Sephin1 are selective inhibitors of the phosphatase regulatory subunit PPP1R15A (R15A) that prolong the benefit of eIF2α phosphorylation, thereby protecting cells from proteostatic defects. In mice, Sephin1 prevents two neurodegenerative diseases, Charcot–Marie–Tooth 1B (CMT-1B) and SOD1-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the molecular basis for R15A inhibition is unknown. Here we reconstituted human recombinant eIF2α holophosphatases, R15A–PP1 and R15B–PP1, whose activity depends on both the catalytic subunit PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) and either R15A or R15B. This system enabled the functional characterization of these holophosphatases and revealed that Guanabenz and Sephin1 induced a selective conformational change in R15A, detected by resistance to limited proteolysis. This altered the recruitment of eIF2α, preventing its dephosphorylation. This work demonstrates that regulatory subunits of phosphatases are valid drug targets and provides the molecular rationale to expand this concept to other phosphatases.
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