Comparison of the Bifidogenic Effects of Goat and Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas to Human Breast Milk in an in vitro Gut Model for 3-Month-Old Infants.
Comparison of the Bifidogenic Effects of Goat and Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas to Human Breast Milk in an in vitro Gut Model for 3-Month-Old Infants.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnut.2020.608495
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Prosser C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gallier S;Van den Abbeele P;Prosser C
母乳含有益生元成分，例如母乳低聚糖 (HMO)，可刺激婴儿肠道微生物群特定成员（例如双歧杆菌）的生长。婴儿配方奶粉中经常添加植物基或合成低聚糖，以模拟 HMO 的双歧杆菌作用。牛奶是婴儿配方奶粉中最常见的蛋白质来源，而山羊奶则越来越多地用于婴儿配方奶粉的制造，它们含有天然存在的益生元。本研究使用基于人类肠道微生物生态系统模拟器 (SHIME®) 的 3 个月大婴儿体外模型，比较了母乳与基于山羊奶和牛奶的婴儿配方奶粉（分别为山羊 IF 和牛 IF）（分别为山羊 IF 和牛 IF）的上消化道消化和随后的结肠发酵，而没有额外的寡糖。首先，使用 3.5 kDa 膜的透析方法被证明可以在类似于体内的条件下模拟小肠对碳水化合物的吸收。在体外消化实验中，在人乳和山羊IF中检测到低聚糖，但在牛IF中几乎检测不到。此外，所有三种乳基质均通过促进乙酸盐、乳酸和丙酸盐的产生来降低结肠 pH 值，这与母乳中产生乙酸盐/乳酸盐的双歧杆菌丰度增加有关（+25.7%），尤其是山羊 IF（33.8%）和牛 IF（37.7%）。只有牛 IF 刺激了丁酸盐的产生，这与毛螺菌科和梭菌科的增加相关。最后，所有三种乳基质中的肠杆菌科和氨基酸球菌科也有所增加，而仅在奶牛 IF 中检测到蛋白水解代谢物（支链脂肪酸）的产生。总体而言，不添加低聚糖的山羊奶和牛奶配方奶对肠道微生物活性和成分的影响与母乳类似。这表明，即使没有在配方奶粉中添加低聚糖，全脂羊奶、全脂牛奶和牛奶成分也已经在配方奶粉中提供了发挥有益双歧杆菌作用的化合物。需要进一步的临床研究来阐明全脂羊奶配方对婴儿肠道微生物群的影响。
Human milk contains prebiotic components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which stimulate the growth of specific members of the infant gut microbiota (e.g., Bifidobacteria). Plant-based or synthetic oligosaccharides are often added to infant formulas to simulate the bifidogenic effect of HMOs. Cow milk, the most common source of protein in infant formula, and goat milk, used increasingly in the manufacture of infant formula, contain naturally-occurring prebiotics. This study compared the upper gastrointestinal digestion and subsequent colonic fermentation of human milk vs. goat and cow milk-based infant formulas (goat IF and cow IF, respectively), without additional oligosaccharides using an in vitro model for 3-month-old infants based on the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). First, a dialysis approach using 3.5 kDa membranes was demonstrated to simulate small intestinal absorption of carbohydrates in conditions similar to those in vivo. During the in vitro digestion experiment, oligosaccharides were detected in human milk and goat IF but barely detected in the cow IF. Further, all three milk matrices decreased colonic pH by boosting acetate, lactate, and propionate production, which related to increased abundances of acetate/lactate-producing Bifidobacteriaceae for human milk (+25.7%) and especially goat IF (33.8%) and cow IF (37.7%). Only cow IF stimulated butyrate production which correlated with an increase in Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae. Finally, Enterobacteriaceae and Acidaminococcaceae also increased with all three milk matrices, while production of proteolytic metabolites (branched-chain fatty acids) was only detected for the cow IF. Overall, goat and cow milk-based formulas without added oligosaccharides impacted gut microbial activity and composition similarly to human milk. This suggests that even without supplementation of formula with oligosaccharides, whole goat milk, whole cow milk and cow milk ingredients already supply compounds in formulas that exert beneficial bifidogenic effects. Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the effect of whole goat milk-based formulas on the infant gut microbiome.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Martinez-Ferez, A;Rudloff, S;Kunz, C
通讯作者：
Kunz, C
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Charbonneau MR;O'Donnell D;Blanton LV;Totten SM;Davis JC;Barratt MJ;Cheng J;Guruge J;Talcott M;Bain JR;Muehlbauer MJ;Ilkayeva O;Wu C;Struckmeyer T;Barile D;Mangani C;Jorgensen J;Fan YM;Maleta K;Dewey KG;Ashorn P;Newgard CB;Lebrilla C;Mills DA;Gordon JI
通讯作者：
Gordon JI
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Lee H;Padhi E;Hasegawa Y;Larke J;Parenti M;Wang A;Hernell O;Lönnerdal B;Slupsky C
通讯作者：
Slupsky C
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Boon, N;Top, EM;Siciliano, SD
通讯作者：
Siciliano, SD
影响因子：
15.5
作者：
Hill CJ;Lynch DB;Murphy K;Ulaszewska M;Jeffery IB;O'Shea CA;Watkins C;Dempsey E;Mattivi F;Tuohy K;Ross RP;Ryan CA;O' Toole PW;Stanton C
通讯作者：
Stanton C