Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review.
Bat responses to climate change: a systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12893
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
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了解物种如何应对气候变化是为脆弱性评估提供信息和制定有效保护战略的关键，但由于固有的偏见，野生动物对气候变化的反应的研究工作未能提供具有代表性的概述。蝙蝠是一种物种丰富，全球分布的生物群体，被认为对气候变化的影响特别敏感，因为它们的表面积与体积比高，繁殖率低。我们系统地回顾了蝙蝠对气候变化反应的文献，以概述目前的知识状况，确定研究差距和偏见，并强调未来的研究需求。我们发现，研究在地理上偏向于欧洲，北美和澳大利亚，温带和地中海生物群落，因此错过了蝙蝠多样性和热响应的很大一部分。不到一半的已发表研究为蝙蝠应对气候变化提供了具体证据。对于超过三分之一的蝙蝠物种，响应证据仅基于预测物种分布模型。因此，最常报告的反应涉及范围的变化（57%的物种）和物种多样性模式的变化（26%）。蝙蝠表现出各种反应，包括积极的（如范围扩大和人口增加）和消极的反应（范围缩小和人口减少），虽然对极端事件的反应总是消极或中性的。空间反应在他们的结果和不同的家庭，几乎所有的分类群体都具有范围的扩大和收缩，而人口的反应强烈倾向于消极的结果，特别是在Pteropodidae和Molossidae。常用的相关建模方法可以应用于许多物种，但不提供行为，生理，物候或遗传反应的机制洞察。实验研究很少（26%），在所研究的396种蝙蝠中，只有一小部分使用长期和/或实验方法进行了研究（11%），尽管它们对气候变化的影响提供了更多信息。我们强调需要更多的实证研究来揭示蝙蝠对气候变化的反应的多方面性质，并需要标准化的研究设计，以便对文献进行综合和Meta分析。最后，我们强调必须通过加强全球南方的研究能力，克服地理和分类差异，以便更全面地了解陆地生物多样性对气候变化的反应。
Understanding how species respond to climate change is key to informing vulnerability assessments and designing effective conservation strategies, yet research efforts on wildlife responses to climate change fail to deliver a representative overview due to inherent biases. Bats are a species‐rich, globally distributed group of organisms that are thought to be particularly sensitive to the effects of climate change because of their high surface‐to‐volume ratios and low reproductive rates. We systematically reviewed the literature on bat responses to climate change to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge, identify research gaps and biases and highlight future research needs. We found that studies are geographically biased towards Europe, North America and Australia, and temperate and Mediterranean biomes, thus missing a substantial proportion of bat diversity and thermal responses. Less than half of the published studies provide concrete evidence for bat responses to climate change. For over a third of studied bat species, response evidence is only based on predictive species distribution models. Consequently, the most frequently reported responses involve range shifts (57% of species) and changes in patterns of species diversity (26%). Bats showed a variety of responses, including both positive (e.g. range expansion and population increase) and negative responses (range contraction and population decrease), although responses to extreme events were always negative or neutral. Spatial responses varied in their outcome and across families, with almost all taxonomic groups featuring both range expansions and contractions, while demographic responses were strongly biased towards negative outcomes, particularly among Pteropodidae and Molossidae. The commonly used correlative modelling approaches can be applied to many species, but do not provide mechanistic insight into behavioural, physiological, phenological or genetic responses. There was a paucity of experimental studies (26%), and only a small proportion of the 396 bat species covered in the examined studies were studied using long‐term and/or experimental approaches (11%), even though they are more informative about the effects of climate change. We emphasise the need for more empirical studies to unravel the multifaceted nature of bats' responses to climate change and the need for standardised study designs that will enable synthesis and meta‐analysis of the literature. Finally, we stress the importance of overcoming geographic and taxonomic disparities through strengthening research capacity in the Global South to provide a more comprehensive view of terrestrial biodiversity responses to climate change.
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2.6
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Amorim F;Jorge I;Beja P;Rebelo H
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