Temporal and spatial melanoma trends in Austria: an ecological study.

Temporal and spatial melanoma trends in Austria: an ecological study.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijerph110100734
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发表时间:
2014-01-06
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Moshammer H
Moshammer H
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Haluza D;Simic S;Moshammer H

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年太阳紫外线辐射(UVR)主要由纬度和海拔决定。在过去的几十年里,人们观察到地面紫外线辐射水平不断增加。暴露于紫外线会导致终生罹患黑色素瘤(一种恶性皮肤癌)的风险。因此,我们假设奥地利黑色素瘤的发病率与居住地的海拔高度和诊断时间有关。我们在一项按地区和年份对奥地利黑色素瘤发病率(1990-2010)和死亡率(1970-2011)数据进行的生态研究中调查了这一假设。正如预期的那样,发病率随着海拔高度(每 10 m 约 2%)和年份(约 2%)的增加而增加。此外,城市黑色素瘤发病率比农村地区高出约 50%。相比之下,死亡率随着海拔高度的增加而降低(男性:每 10 m 0.4%,女性:每 10 m 0.7%)。观察到的发病率和死亡率数据之间的差异可以部分解释为在海拔较高的地区黑色素瘤诊断处于早期肿瘤阶段。这一发现的可能原因包括患者意识的提高、在高海拔地区工作的医疗专业人员更好的诊断能力,或者由于与阳光相关的维生素 D 合成的保护作用而导致的肿瘤生长减慢。
Annual solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is mostly determined by latitude and altitude. Over the last decades, increasing UVR ground levels have been observed. Exposure to UVR is associated with a life-time risk to develop melanoma, a malign skin cancer. Thus, we hypothesized that melanoma incidence in Austria is associated with altitude of place of living and time of diagnosis. We investigated this hypothesis in an ecological study by district and year for Austrian melanoma incidence (1990–2010) and mortality (1970–2011) data. As expected, incidence rates increased with altitude (about 2% per 10 m) and year (about 2%). Additionally, melanoma incidence rates were about 50% higher in urban than in rural districts. In contrast, mortality rates decreased with altitude (for males: 0.4% per 10 m, for women: 0.7% per 10 m, respectively). The observed discrepancy between incidence and mortality data could partly be explained by melanoma diagnosis at earlier tumor stage in districts with higher altitude. Possible reasons for this finding include higher awareness of patients, better diagnostic performance of medical professionals working at higher altitudes, or slower tumor growth due to protective effects of sun light-associated vitamin D synthesis.
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